Opinion
The IMEC as a Catalyst for Global Prosperity
Economic corridors have the potential to bring about various benefits, including increased trade, foreign investment, and improved living conditions for citizens in the participating countries. Additionally, they can contribute to the development of rural areas, address regional imbalances, and enhance the overall socio-economic progress of the regions they traverse. The establishment of such corridors can also lead to the creation of new routes for the flow of goods, thereby increasing economic and geopolitical interdependence between regions.
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is poised to revolutionize economic interactions among India, the Middle East, and Europe. Primarily, it aims to establish a multi-modal transport network integrating sea and rail routes, along with innovative infrastructural elements like hydrogen pipelines and high-tech IT connections. A significant aspect of IMEC is its potential to dramatically enhance trade opportunities. By offering a more efficient transit route compared to the Suez Canal, IMEC is projected to reduce transit times for goods by about 40%. This would not only expedite trade between India, the Middle East, and Europe but also render it more cost-effective, fostering an environment conducive to economic growth and trade expansion.
The IMEC initiative elevates the existing partnership to a new echelon, firmly establishing economic connections that promise to redefine the landscape of global commerce. U.S. President Joe Biden's characterization of the IMEC as a "game-changing investment" and a "real big deal" highlights its potential to significantly influence not just the regions it directly touches, but also the international community at large. The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) delineates that the railroad and transportation networks envisioned under the IMEC aim to establish a "reliable and cost-effective cross-border ship-to-rail transit network." This development is anticipated to have far-reaching implications on global supply chains and the dynamics of international trade. The European Union President Ursula von der Leyen has underscored the corridor's ability to decrease travel time by 40%, branding it the "quickest link between India, the Middle East, and Europe," and consequently, a major catalyst in reducing logistical costs.
The corridor's influence extends beyond mere trade facilitation. It is expected to be a catalyst for industrial growth and employment in the participating regions. By providing a more efficient mechanism for transporting raw materials and finished goods, IMEC stands to boost industrial activity. This increased industrial productivity is anticipated to generate a plethora of job opportunities, addressing the employment challenges prevalent in these regions. The correlation between enhanced transportation infrastructure and economic growth is well-established in empirical literature, suggesting that IMEC's impact on job creation and industrial development could be substantial.
IMEC also holds strategic importance in terms of energy security and environmental sustainability. The Middle East's rich energy resources will be more accessible, thereby enhancing the energy security of the involved nations. Concurrently, the focus on clean energy transportation, like hydrogen pipelines, aligns with global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The strategic development of ports and other infrastructures under IMEC is expected to attract foreign investment and strengthen political and diplomatic relations among the participating countries. Additionally, by offering an alternative to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), IMEC holds potential to reshape global trade dynamics and reduce dependency on traditional maritime routes. Moreover, the cultural integration aspect of IMEC, fostering connections among diverse cultures and civilizations, coupled with its potential to enhance regional connectivity and peace, positions it as a transformative initiative with far-reaching implications.
IMEC is also an evidence of India's strategic realignment towards the Middle East, particularly the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCCs), which has gained momentum under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's leadership. This relationship transcends a simplistic framework of oil trade and market access, encompassing a complex tapestry of security cooperation, cultural ties, and technological exchanges.
IMEC illustrates the transition from a unipolar or bipolar world to a more multipolar global landscape, where multiple centers of power coexist and cooperate. In this context, IMEC acts as a vital link in knitting together these poles, each representing diverse economic, cultural, and political strengths. By facilitating deeper economic ties and fostering mutual reliance among India, the Middle East, and Europe, the corridor is contributing to a more balanced and resilient global system.
However, the success of IMEC is closely tied to the geopolitical stability of the Middle East. This region, despite its rich cultural heritage and strategic importance, has long been afflicted by political unrest and conflict. Establishing peace in the Middle East is not merely a regional concern but a global necessity. A stable Middle East is crucial for ensuring secure trade routes, reliable energy resources, and the unhindered exchange of knowledge and people. It would create an environment conducive to the economic and technological collaborations envisioned by IMEC. Furthermore, peace in this region would have far-reaching effects, contributing to global economic stability and opening avenues for collaborative solutions to global issues like climate change, poverty, and health crises.
[Bibek Debroy is Chairman and Aditya Sinha is Officer on Special Duty, Research, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India.]
Call to boycott polls, intimidation, violence: A repeat of 2013-15 style undemocratic exercise by BNP-Jamaat
In the build-up to Bangladesh’s January 7 national election, the political landscape was fraught with tension. Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), led by its acting chairman Tarique Rahman, mounted a campaign urging voters to boycott the election, in an attempt to disrupt the democratic process. Despite these efforts, the steadfast citizens of Bangladesh, committed to upholding democratic values, boldly participated in the polls, defying the orchestrated climate of fear and intimidation.
The Election Commission’s report paints a clear picture of the nation’s unwavering commitment to democracy. Even in the face of BNP’s attempts to instill fear through blockades, hartals, and even arson attacks, over 40 percent of the electorate bravely stepped forward to cast their votes. This significant voter turnout stands in stark opposition to the planned disruptions, showcasing the resilience and fortitude of Bangladesh’s democratic framework.
Read: Good bye Rezwan old friend
Despite BNP and its ally Jamaat’s concerted efforts to derail the electoral process through tactics designed to foster fear and chaos, the Bangladeshi people’s determination to exercise their democratic rights prevailed. The voter turnout, despite BNP’s call for a boycott, underscores a collective commitment to democracy, and highlights the need for visionary leadership within political parties. BNP’s decline, exacerbated by its prolonged absence from power and lack of effective leadership, serves as a cautionary tale of the consequences of a leadership vacuum on a party’s fortunes.
The rejection of the BNP’s anti-election stance by the Bangladeshi populace signifies not only a rejection of disruptive tactics but also a marked advancement in democratic maturity among the electorate. Their resistance to such tactics reflects a deep understanding of the importance of participating in the democratic process to shape the nation’s future.
Awami League’s fourth consecutive election victory is a testament to the people’s rejection of the BNP’s boycott appeal. By actively participating in the electoral process, the citizens have made their voices heard, reinforcing the notion that active democratic engagement is crucial for shaping a nation’s direction.
As Bangladesh transitions into the post-election phase, it is essential to reflect on the significance of this electoral process. This election transcends mere numbers and political affiliations; it stands as a testament to the deeply embedded democratic values in the Bangladeshi ethos. The electorate’s resilience in the face of adversity underscores their unwavering commitment to these principles.
Read: Despite political friction, election festivities underway in Bangladesh
International observers have lauded the electoral process in Bangladesh for its transparency, fairness, and adherence to democratic norms. Their positive assessment validates the Election Commission’s efforts in ensuring a fair and equitable electoral environment and strengthens confidence in the integrity of Bangladesh’s electoral system.
Moving forward, Bangladesh must capitalize on this democratic momentum. The pre-election disturbances should serve as impetus for reinforcing democratic institutions, enhancing election integrity, and fostering an inclusive political environment. The nation can draw valuable lessons from its citizens’ response to challenges, using it as an opportunity to fortify its democratic foundation.
In summary, the Bangladeshi population’s defiance of the election boycott call is a victory for their steadfast commitment to democracy. Despite attempts to sow fear and chaos, they have demonstrated an enduring allegiance to democratic values.
The writer is a professor of the Department of Public Administration at the University of Rajshahi. Views expressed are the writer’s own.
Good bye Rezwan old friend
When his daughter Audity called late at night in a broken voice, I knew what the news was. She just said, “ Baba has expired” and the line went off. I managed to say, OMG” only as I felt the weight of the death of a friend
Our friend and colleague of over 50 years Rezwan Hosssain Siddiky is dead at the age of 71. He had been ailing for a while but the death seemed so sudden. I suppose it always is when the person is close to you.
Rezwan was a year junior to us but in those days we were all part of the same crowd. He was a very proper Bengali, always in kurta pyjama and with impeccable manners. Rezwan was a simple guy who remained so till his death but always firm and confident. Few would know that he had been on the run in the late 60s as a political activist and was involved in a host of other activities. He never wavered from what he thought was the right thing to say or do and did so without making a splash. He was the quietest radical.
Read: Disrupting democracy: BNP-Jamaat's tactics of violence and chaos
I am not writing a resume of his career but remembering his friendship and the difficulties he faced and met with courage. I think I met him only once in his official office when he was the DG , Press Institute of Bangladesh. He treated me like an old friend and we chatted over nothing and drank coffee and talked about the yesterdays and tomorrows. Our paths crossed many times later as friends and fellow journalists.
Rezwan always remained politically sensitive and close to the BNP and over time his identity became mixed as the political scenario also became complex. He ran Daily Dinkal which only a loyalist could run as it was an extreme duty which only an activist can fulfill.
It may have been easier when the party was in power but when outside as it has been since 2007, only a political activist could dare to run it because it was not just a professional job but one of total dedication and commitment to his beliefs as well.
In the last decade or so , Rezwan’s health had declined as his kidneys suffered and later he was on dialysis. Twice a week he would go through the routine and his body took one beating after another. He had several complications and slowly hospitalizations became more and more frequent. But he did overcome them all. That Dinkal was kept alive by the power of his and others will till in the end it also crumbled.
Read: Is Dhaka ready for a Westeros Winter?
Two weeks back he was hospitalized but he made it back home. Today the call ended our hopes and his own.
He had once written on a FB post that he was expecting to live another 3-4 years but it was less than a year after that post as his words failed to match his allotted time on earth.
I called Prof. Abrar Chowdhury who was very close to him to share the news. He was already on his way to the hospital. “ Take care of yourself," I said. “ “It’s time for all of us to take care,” he replied.”
As we reach the winter of our lives, we remember old friends and friendships more and more. Rezwan walked on till his body no longer could. But the spirit walks on to a destination where we shall meet again and discuss the news, analyze the events and laugh over badly made cups of tea and coffee like we did for the last half century and more.
Good bye Rezwan, till we meet again.
Importance of Foreign Investment Protection Agreement (FIPA) to boost Trade and Canadian Investment to Bangladesh as Part of Economic Diplomacy
Canada has been one of the most trusted development partners for Bangladesh since our independence. Even Canada extended its support to our war of independence in 1971. Ever since the two countries established diplomatic relations on 14 February 1972, the relations, both political and commercial just kept growing and now it’s transformed into a robust partnership. Thus, serving as High Commissioner in such a friendly and supportive country is an honour and privilege. After assuming the charge effectively from January 2021, one of my primary economic objectives was to strengthen and expand the existing commercial relations between Bangladesh and Canada, including increasing bilateral trade as well as attracting more Canadian investment in Bangladesh in line with the vision of the Hon’ble Prime Minister to actively promote economic diplomacy. Today, it is pleasing for me that Bangladesh’s trade with Canada has reached its all-time record high of USD 3.23 billion by the end of 2022 (data of 2023 is yet to be published), with a substantial increase in both exports and imports in the last three years. Bangladesh’s exports to Canada have also reached an all-time high (USD 2.21 billion). However, the diversification of exports remains unsatisfactory again for a number of reasons mostly rooted in Bangladesh. Also, pertinent to add that COVID-19 pandemic until the middle of 2022 was a major obstacle in many ways as Canada was the last country in the world to open following the pandemic. Our success in attracting Canadian investment also remains below par despite its immense potential, for several reasons, but primarily because of the absence of a Foreign Investment Protection Agreement (FIPA) with Canada. Discussions on concluding a FIPA began in 2012, yet from the Bangladesh side, we have not been able to come up with a draft for FIPA for negotiations with the Canadian authorities. Despite my repeated requests to the Ministry of Industries (focal point for FIPA) and other relevant authorities in Dhaka, we have not even received any response to our several formal communications on this very important issue.
Urgency of concluding a FIPA with Canada now is more than ever following the appointment of Canada’s Trade Representative for Asia-Pacific based in Jakarta, Indonesia. The new Representative would assume office in the third week of January 2024. He has been known to me for last three years as he served as the Assistant Deputy Minister for Asia-Pacific Bureau in Global Affairs Canada; Bangladesh being part of this bureau. As per the wishes of our Commerce Ministry and other authorities, whenever we raised the issue of trade and investment as well as the ambitious efforts of negotiating a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Canada, the need for concluding a FIPA prior to that loomed large on our discussions and their outcomes. Similarly, whenever we approached any potential Canadian investors, they raised the issue of the need and importance of existence of a FIPA.
The issue of FIPA and a Blue Ribbon Pannel (Joint Working Group on Commercial Relations) were first brought to my notice by the former Canadian High Commissioner in Dhaka, His Excellency Mr. Benoit Prefontaine as soon as my name was announced as next High Commissioner in Canada on 16 August 2020. I must acknowledge the huge contribution of this great friend of Bangladesh to boost trade relations between Bangladesh and Canada and to attract Canadian investment to our country. It was under his leadership that a position of a Senior Trade Representative/Commissioner was established in the Canadian High Commission in Dhaka. Earlier, the issue of trade and investment with Bangladesh was concurrently managed from the Canadian High Commission in New Delhi. That was one of the reasons that Canadian investment in Bangladesh has been low or minimum. As I gathered, the Canadian Trade Commissioner sitting in New Delhi hardly looked beyond India as India itself has been a huge market. Therefore, today’s increased trade with Canada owes greatly to the efforts of the former Canadian High Commissioner Mr. Benoit Prefontaine. Together, we were able to form a Blue Ribbon Pannel (08-Member Joint Working Group (JWG) comprising leading private sector leaders - 04 from Bangladesh and 04 from Canada). We are happy that the JWG completed its works and submitted their recommendations in December 2022 to their respective governments (Commerce Ministry in Bangladesh) to strengthen commercial relations between the two countries. Potential obstacles to and the areas of opportunities to boost trade and investment promotion between the two countries have been identified by JWG. I am happy that JWG’s recommendations were discussed at the last Foreign Office Consultation between the two countries held on 27 October 2023 in Ottawa.
I am writing this public piece for a number of reasons. First, despite repeated efforts and formal and informal communications concerned authorities in Bangladesh have not done anything about drafting a FIPA. Second, last month, Global Affairs Canada organized a briefing session for Heads of Mission on Canada’s IndiPacific Strategy and the Canada’s newly appointed Trade Representative for Asia-Pacific Mr. Paul Thoppil also took part in the briefing and outlined his vision on boosting Canadian trade and investment in and with the region. I had a separate discussion with him on these issues there and we agreed to have more detailed discussions thereon. Accordingly, I had a long follow-up meeting with him in the first week of this month just before he left Ottawa to take up his new assignment as Canada’s Trade Representative for Asia-Pacific. Among other things, he reiterated that he would be working to strengthen and expand Canada’s commercial relations with countries in the Asia Pacific region, including Bangladesh. Mr. Paul Thoppil categorically told me that concluding a FIPA is a prerequisite for attracting Canadian investment in Bangladesh. Moreover, he also reiterated that discussions regarding a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) can only commence after the FIPA has been finalized. Adding impetus to our cause, Mr. Thoppil also agreed to lead a high-level trade and investment delegation comprising representatives from the Canadian government, private sector, and key financial institutions like the Canadian Pension Fund, Brookfield Corporation, Fairfax Financial, and Sun Life Assurance of Canada to Bangladesh in early April 2024. He would at least like to see a draft FIPA with Canadian authorities before this trade and investment mission to get some positive signals to assuage their investors about guarantee to their investment in Bangladesh. Immediately after the meeting, I wrote to concerned authorities in Dhaka to finalize a draft FIPA by convening inter-ministerial consultations so that we can start negotiations with the Canadian side to finalize the same. Now the big question is if concerned authorities in Dhaka are listening to our repeated pleas and are convinced about the need and importance of concluding a FIPA with Canada. Mr. Thoppil also took note of the initiative being taken by the High Commission to host a Business Summit (along with/without a trade fair) in Toronto in the first quarter of this year in collaboration with the Ontario Chamber of Commerce and other concerned business bodies and business promotion agencies in Canada, including the Asia-Pacific Foundation, to strengthen and expand our trade relations as well as to attract Canadian investment. There too, the issue of existence of FIPA with Canada would come up when there would be direct business to business discussion with potential Canadian investors. The third reason is the new leadership in the Ministries of Commerce and Industries. While I am thrilled to see the new cabinet and like to sincerely thank the Hon’ble Prime Minister for presenting the nation such a seemingly “Smart” and to be effective and performing cabinet, I am also happy to see the new leader in the Ministry of Commerce. As I knew him from his Bangkok days, he is likely to be very dynamic and forward-looking young, energetic and explorative leader, while being so humble and down to earth. In response to my congratulatory message, he was kind enough to call me back within a few hours of his swearing-in. He was so keen to know our priorities with Canada and we had some brief discussion on such issues. I also briefed him about my meeting the day before with the new President of FBCCI and requested him to involve them in all trade and investment related issues with Canada. I was so happy that he appreciated all this and assured me of all the support from his ministry.
In view of the above and given my experience in Canada and that in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Dhaka as in charge of the Wing called “Trade, Investment and Technology”, I recommend the following not only for boosting trade and investment relation with Canada, but also to pursue “Economic Diplomacy” in effective and practical manners with all countries in the world:
1. The way Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (BIDA) functions and its approach to attracting foreign investment, needs to be relooked and reconsidered given specific needs and expectations of major investors. BIDA should also consider developing country specific investment strategy in consultation with concerned authorities and private sector in Dhaka and respective Missions abroad. Same should apply for Security Exchange Commission for attracting investment in financial sector. Organizing unplanned “Road-Shows” abroad without any achievable targets and spending huge amount of resources in foreign countries would not yield any desired results. Similarly, unplanned visit of high officials without involving the host country and the concerned Mission abroad is mere wastage of precious foreign currencies as they do not produce any result at all. Two visits by a former minister in last three years to Canada without involving the host country and the Mission are stark examples of such costly yet useless and unproductive visits.
2. The pace in which Ministry of Industries has been dealing with FIPA with Canada, is utterly disappointing. There has not been any official response to our repeated communications requesting to speed up the process of drafting the FIPA with Canada. The question of which government 3 authority should be in charge of FIPA also deserves reconsideration. Given BIDA’s responsibility or trade related aspects of investment being under Ministry of Commerce, the issue of which ministry should be the focal int for FIPA deserves redetermination.
3. Ministry of Commerce/EPB needs to strategize their approach when it comes to working in collaboration with the Missions to boost and diverse trade. It is regrettable that often they unilaterally contact dubious so-called trade related organizations in Canada which are under the scanner of the government of Canada. This only happens due to their personal contact with such dubious organizations and people associated with it. Despite Mission’s advice and observation, they try to keep contacting with such organization. This puts huge question mark on the credibility of the government and the Mission vis-à-vis the host country as they have reservations on such Canada based organizations. This kind of issue should be investigated by Commerce Ministry and other authorities. Concerned authorities in Dhaka need to appreciate that without Mission’s involvement, no effective cooperation can be materialized with a country like Canada.
4. It is also equally important to assess the performance of the newly established Wing “Trade, Investment and Technology” in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It was a newly established wing when I was given charge of this Wing in 2018; moreover, it was the height of COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the outreach efforts of the wing to work with all the investment authorities and ministries were completed and Missions abroad were also engaged to a greater extent in trade and investment promotion activities. If MoFA wishes to lead the efforts for “Economic Diplomacy”, the wing needs to be redesigned and manned with skilled personnel. In last three years, I have not seen any directive and guidelines from this Wing at least for this Mission; nor were we asked to report on our performance on pursuing economic diplomacy. It is very important for MoFA, for the government and for the country to strengthen and expand significantly the scope of work of this very important wing, if it is serious to lead the efforts to pursue effective economic diplomacy. MoFA also needs to focus on the work of such an important wing, rather than benefit of any specific person. It is definitely not productive to have a secretary level position for dealing with only maritime issues rather than having a secretary level position for leading our efforts to pursue economic diplomacy. With the demarcation of our maritime boundary with India and Myanmar, our focus now should be reaping the economic benefits from our seas in the context of our Indo-Pacific Outlook. I am of the strong view that the Trade, Investment and Technology Wing in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs should be headed by a secretary level officer and the wing should also be strengthened, expanded and well resourced. Even MoFA should consider bringing officers from concerned ministries/authorities to man and work this wing.
5. Lastly, I would like to bring perhaps the most important issue that affects our efforts in boosting trade and investment, to the fore. The implementation of the “One Mission One Country Policy” as agreed at a meeting of secretaries held in PATC, Savar end of 2020, where it was agreed that the commerce and economic officers working in the Missions should be working under the direct control of the Head of Mission, is of paramount importance for boosting trade and investment relation with any country. I am happy and proud that Ottawa Mission should be the best example for full implementation of the policy. I thank the commerce secretary for all the support to the Mission to lead our trade related works in unison in this regard. Despite all this, direct reporting by the commerce and economic officers in Missions to their parent ministries is still a problem and some of the practice to guide these officers by commerce ministry is often counterproductive and creates confusion and misunderstanding. In my view, the most productive way for implementation of the “One Mission One Country Policy” is to budget and fund all these posts from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, since resources from all the ministries come from one government. Officers with specialization in trade and investment from any ministry can be selected and deputed to foreign ministry for orientation, further training and to work for a few months to a year before they are posted our as commerce and economic officers by foreign ministry like their other officers. Once on posting they should report to the Secretary in charge of Trade, Investment and Technology Wing in the Foreign Ministry through their Heads of Mission while keeping all the concerned ministries and authorities in the government duly informed. This norm and discipline is warranted to ensure effective pursuing of economic diplomacy. 4 Given my experience in Canada and elsewhere in other Missions, under the current practice, these officers usually need an extended period of time to feel comfortable and get used to work with their counterparts in the host countries for several reasons, including due to their discomfort and hesitation do so freely. It affects not only personal performance of the officer concerned, but also that of the Mission and its overall efforts to boost trade and investment relations with the host country. This can only be allayed if a structured system is devised in which these officers would spend required amount of time in foreign ministry to receive additional training, orientation and work experience before they are posted out. It is pertinent to add that this is the practice in India (as I knew when I was posted in our High Commission in New Delhi in 1990s). It is also important to know that foreign trade is integral part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of many countries, including Australia, Brazil, New Zealand and others.
I feel that in the greater interest of the country, our government should seriously consider the above issues especially those relating to structural reforms and inter-ministry coordination to pursue economic diplomacy in an effective and coherent manner. Since these reforms and coordination involve several ministries and authorities, the Hon’ble Private Industry and Investment Adviser of the Hon’ble Prime Minister may lead these proposed structural and coordination reforms as her representative.
In conclusion, given the fact that foreign direct investment in our country last year was significantly low for several reasons, including recently held elections, it is of paramount importance for us to attract foreign direct investment as much as possible. It would be foolish on our part to not make any efforts to conclude a FIPA with Canada if we are serious on attracting Canadian investment which can be in billions, given the huge opportunities for the same exist in Bangladesh and also given Canada’s current relations with some important countries in the region. It is indeed important for Bangladesh to demonstrate its seriousness to attract Canadian investment in Bangladesh by drafting a FIPA, if not finalizing it before the proposed visit of the Canadian trade delegation in April led by Canada’s Trade Representative for Asia and Pacific.
The writer is the High Commissioner of Bangladesh in Canada. He can be contacted at: [email protected]
China and Bangladesh Join Hands to Build Community with Shared Future for Mankind
On January 11, 2024, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Premier of State Council Li Qiang sent congratulatory messages to H.E. Sheikh Hasina on her reelection as Prime Minister of Bangladesh. The Chinese leaders expected that our two countries would make joint efforts to further implement the important consensus President Xi Jinping reached with the Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Johannesburg, South Africa, last August, enhance political mutual trust, promote traditional friendship, further synergize development strategies, and promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, so as to uplift the China-Bangladesh Strategic Partnership of Cooperation to a new height.
China and Bangladesh are both developing and populous countries at a critical stage of their respective development and revitalisation. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening-up, China has completed the industrialization process that took Western developed countries hundreds of years, and created the “two miracles” rarely seen elsewhere in the world, namely rapid economic development and long-term social stability, opening up a broad prospect for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It has been proven that the Chinese Modernization is the only suitable way for China to construct and rejuvenate a strong nation. Breaking the myth of “Modernization=Westernization”, the Chinese Modernization presents an alternative for developing countries towards modernization, and provides a Chinese solution for the search for a better social system.
At present, great changes of the world, of our times, and of historical significance are unfolding like never before. The human society has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation. In the face of global risks and challenges, it is hardly possible for any country to stand alone. Only through solidarity and cooperation can we overcome the difficulties of the times. At the recent Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs, Chinese President Xi Jinping gave further Chinese proposals to solve the questions of what kind of world to build and how to build it, which I would like to share with friends from all walks of life in Bangladesh.
On March 23, 2013, when delivering speech at the Moscow Institute of International Relations, Chinese President Xi Jinping creatively put forward the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind. The proposal was made with a profound grasp of the trend of the times, a broad strategic vision, outstanding political wisdom and a strong sense of responsibility.
In summary, in building a community with a shared future for mankind, the goal is to build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal security and shared prosperity, the pathway is promoting global governance that features extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit, the guiding principle is to apply the common values of humanity, the basic underpinning lies in building a new type of international relations, the strategic guidance comes from the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative, and the platform for action is high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. On this basis, we seek to bring countries together to meet challenges and achieve prosperity for all, and usher in a bright future of peace, security, prosperity and progress for our world.
Building a community with a shared future for mankind is the core tenet of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. It is based on the deepening understanding of the laws governing the development of human society, reflects the Chinese Communists’ worldview, perception of order, and values, accords with the common aspiration of people in all countries, and points the direction for the progress of world civilizations. It is also the noble goal pursued by China in conducting major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for the new era.
Over the past ten years, the building of a community with a shared future for mankind has expanded from a Chinese initiative to an international consensus, from a beautiful vision to a rich practice, from a conceptual proposition to a scientific system, and has become a glorious banner that leads the way forward in the times. From the bilateral to the multilateral, from the regional to the global level, China has built various forms of communities with a shared future with dozens of countries and regions, and has promoted the building of a community with a shared future in the areas of health, human beings and nature, the Internet and the oceans and seas, achieving fruitful results.
China calls for an equal and orderly multipolar world, forging a broader international consensus, proposing more effective solutions and enhancing the practicality and guidance for building a community with a shared future for humankind. We advocate that the multipolar world should be equal, that is, to insist on the equality of all countries, oppose hegemony and power politics, oppose the monopoly of a few countries in international affairs, and effectively promote the democratisation of international relations. International issues should be resolved through consultation among all countries, and the future and destiny of the world should be in the hands of all countries. We advocate that the multipolarity world should be orderly, that is, to ensure that the process of multipolarity is generally stable and constructive, and that all countries, regardless of their size, can play their due and constructive role in it. All countries should jointly abide by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, adhere to the universally accepted basic norms of international relations and practice genuine multilateralism.
China calls for a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization maintaining the vitality and momentum of global economic growth, leading economic globalization in the right direction, and providing a solid foundation for building a community with a shared future for mankind. We advocate that economic globalisation should be inclusive, that is, to respond to the universal aspirations of all countries in the world, especially the developing countries, to address the imbalance in development among and within countries resulting from the global allocation of resources, to achieve both full and balanced development, and to promote a globalisation that is conducive to the accelerated development of all countries in the world, especially the developing countries. We advocate that economic globalisation should be inclusive, that is, to oppose all forms of unilateralism and protectionism, to resist discriminatory and exclusionary standards and rules, and to support countries in taking a path of development that is in line with their own national conditions, while at the same time joining hands to create common development for all humankind.
Building a community with a shared future for humankind underscores the general trend of history and the direction of the people’s hearts. More and more countries have come to realize that the future of the world should be jointly controlled by all countries, and created by all of us hand in hand.
Over the past 52 years since its independence, Bangladesh has always been committed to exploring the path of modernization in line with its own national conditions, and has made commendable achievements. We hope that under the leadership of the Hon’ble Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, the new Bangladeshi Government will lead the Bangladeshi people to proceed faster and steadier on the path of national prosperity and rejuvenation. Our two nations are set to embrace a historic opportunity to further elevate bilateral relations and friendly cooperation in various fields by 2025, the 50th anniversary of bilateral diplomatic ties. China is ready to work with Bangladesh to expand new cooperation in a wider range of areas, including higher levels of connectivity, renewable energy, the Blue Economy, financial stability, digital empowerment, scientific and technological innovation, agriculture and food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable development. With joint efforts, we will achieve common development and promote together the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
Does Tarique Rahman have the moral standing to preach democratic values?
On January 4, 2024, the AFP published a report based on its interview with Tarique Rahman, acting chairman of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), where he claimed Bangladesh’s 12th National Parliamentary Election to be “sham”.
But, does Tarique Rahman have the moral standing to preach democratic values?
The same AFP report states that six years back, Tarique Rahman was convicted in absentia of planning a deadly grenade attack on a campaign rally of Bangladesh Awami League attended by the then Opposition Leader Sheikh Hasina. The grenade attack on August 21, 2004 killed Ivy Rahman and 23 others of the party. The report also adds that Tarique Rahman rejects the verdict convicting him of the crime.
Read: Disrupting democracy: BNP-Jamaat's tactics of violence and chaos
According to media reports, the grenade attack was executed through “abuse of state power” [“‘State-backed crime’ punished,” The Daily Star]. “The specialised deadly Arges grenades that are used in wars were blasted at the Awami League’s central office on 23 Bangabandhu Avenue in broad daylight with the help of the then state machinery,” said the judge of Speedy Trial Tribunal-1 while delivering the verdict on October 10, 2018.
Quoting witness Abdur Rashid, the court said accused Sheikh Farid, Hannan, Abu Taher, Tajuddin and the witness himself went to Hawa Bhaban, known to be the alternative centre of power, in Banani in mid-August of 2004 on a microbus; a little later, Tarique showed up.
They were assured of all kinds of administrative support in the meeting when Tarique told them to carry out the plan, according to the verdict.
Read: Tarique Rahman’s call of deciding fate of the country on the streets an ‘instigation for violence,’ rights activists and minority leaders say
It is unfortunate that BNP is led by a fugitive like Tarique Rahman. A person with such moral standing, or lack thereof, would not have a political career in the Global North. Regrettably, in our country, he does. If BNP, under the influence of individuals like Tarique Rahman, continues its divisive politics, exacerbating tension between different segments of society, people will reject its politics.
Political parties have the right to protest peacefully against any government. However, that does not mean that political parties are given license to commit violence and jeopardize peace and prosperity of the nation. Tarique’s call for “insurrection” in a previous interview openly challenged the law and order situation in Bangladesh – breakdown of which would cause human and economic losses.
His role in Bangladeshi politics has been a subject of criticism. Some critics have pointed to various aspects of his career and actions that have raised concerns and cast a shadow over his credibility. One significant criticism revolves around allegations of corruption and abuse of power. Tarique faces multiple charges, including extortion and corruption that led to his arrest in 2007 during the last caretaker government’s tenure. Another point of criticism is his involvement in orchestrating violence and unrest for political gains. BNP, under his influence, has been associated with political instability and violent protests, which have negatively impacted the social and economic fabric of Bangladesh. The use of force and intimidation tactics to achieve political objectives raises questions about the commitment to democratic values and the rule of law.
Read: Renewed attempts to absolve Tarique Rahman from his role in Aug 21 grenade attack?
Moreover, his absence from the country raises doubts about his dedication to participating in the political process within the established norms and frameworks.
The AFP report also says “last year the BNP mounted huge rallies, industrial strikes and road blockades that brought the capital to a standstill.” Of course, BNP has a considerable number of supporters. But that does not mean that it “brought the capital to a standstill.” Every political party has the right to demonstrate against the government. But they do not have the right to vandalize public and private property. Burning people in arson attacks, killing law enforcers, cutting rail tracks and causing derailments cannot be politics.
The writer is former chairman of National Human Rights Commission, Bangladesh. Views expressed are his own.
Benapole Express tragedy reminiscent of 2013-2014 violence, raises serious concerns about their impact on democratic process
Since October 29, 2023, Bangladesh has witnessed an alarming surge in deliberate arson attacks on public transportation, a disturbing trend initiated during the Bangladesh Nationalist Party’s (BNP) campaign of hartals and blockades. These acts, vehemently opposing the 12th parliamentary election, echo the tactics used prior to the 2014 election, creating widespread public fear.
The citizens of Bangladesh have unequivocally condemned these violent disruptions, which threaten the very core of the nation’s democratic fabric. The past couple of months have been marred by a series of tragic events, culminating in the loss of numerous lives across the country.
A particularly heartbreaking incident occurred on the night of January 5, 2024, when the Benapole Express train was set ablaze in Gopibagh, Dhaka. This catastrophic event claimed four lives, including children. The gravity of this tragedy underscores the urgent need for a united front against the escalating violence engulfing Bangladesh.
In the wake of the Benapole Express burning, our hearts go out to the victims and their grieving families. This recent spike in politically motivated violence, particularly the targeted attacks on civilians, represents not only a distressing development but a stark deviation from Bangladesh's democratic ideals.
The arson attack on the Benapole Express is a grim reminder of the deteriorating political climate that has intensified since late 2023. It's crucial to recognize that using violence as a political tool fundamentally contradicts the essence of democratic expression.
The recurrence of such tactics by political factions, reminiscent of the 2013-2014 period, raises serious concerns about their impact on democratic processes and national stability.
During these turbulent times, political leaders must demonstrate unwavering commitment to the democratic principles they claim to uphold. Resorting to violence endangers lives and erodes public trust in political leadership. Citizens deserve a political arena where ideas and ideologies are debated through peaceful means.
We call on all political parties to unequivocally condemn these violent acts and focus on constructive dialogue. Prioritizing a peaceful, inclusive electoral process is in the nation's best interest, fostering an environment where political views can be expressed freely and without fear of retribution.
Law enforcement must intensify efforts to investigate and bring to justice those responsible for these heinous acts, ensuring they face the full extent of the law. Maintaining peace and order is crucial for the nation's prosperity, and any attempt to disrupt the democratic process through violence must be swiftly and justly addressed.
As Bangladeshi citizens, we must unite against forces seeking to undermine our democracy. In times of political turmoil, it is our collective solidarity and determination that will guide us to a brighter future. Let's reject violence and work together to build a society that cherishes democracy, tolerance, and the well-being of all its members.
The writer is a Professor at the Department of Public Administration, University of Rajshahi. Views expressed are the writer’s own.
Niko Corruption: How a deal facilitated by Tarique’s cronies cost Bangladesh over $1.06 billion
Imagine for a second that a country has floated an open tender inviting foreign companies to bid for a gas field exploration in joint partnership with a state-run company. An intense competition among global bidders takes place and an evaluation by international experts ranks these competitors. But with a change in government, the least qualified bidder ends up getting the contract. A bribery scheme of the least qualified bidder manages to buy allegiance of those closely connected to the son of the prime minister. The company is granted rights to explore a new gas field by classifying it as an abandoned gas field. When the company starts drilling work, two massive blowouts occur. Those blowouts that happened in 2005 are still having a devastating impact on local peoples’ livelihoods and have eventually cost the country over $1.06 billion. It all happened during the tenure of the then BNP-Jamaat government.
Niko Corruption: Bribes to loyalists again brings Tarique’s influence to the fore
“My power is fifty percent, I’m the friend of Tarique Rahman.” This is what Giasuddin Al Mamon, friend and business associate of Tarique, told investigators of Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) regarding his role in facilitating contracts to Niko.
Contracts for sensitive work such as gas exploration were granted to Niko, which flouted rules with bribes – in the form of cash, expensive SUV, and lavish foreign trips. The money trail was tracked down by investigators from RCMP and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), exposing an intricate and complex web.
Court allows 3 foreigners to testify against Khaleda in Niko graft case
A recent hearing – from December 11-15 – at World Bank’s International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) regarding the infamous Niko corruption issue – put the spotlight back on the blatant abuse of state power and influence to offer gas exploration work to the Canadian company in exchange of bribes to influential people linked with the then BNP-led government, including those loyal to Tarique Rahman.
What is the Niko Deal?
In 1997, Niko entered Bangladesh during the second round Production Sharing Contract bidding for oil and gas exploration. But with just 10 years’ experience in the field, the firm failed to qualify in the bid both on technical and financial grounds. While Sheikh Hasina was in power, Niko was unable to acquire any interest in any gas field in Bangladesh. But in 2001, with the return of the BNP-Jamaat regime, Niko resorted to bribery and established a corrupt scheme by enlisting consultants and lobbyists with close connection to Hawa Bhaban and Tarique Rahman. With the assistance of Giasuddin Al Mamoon, close friend and business partner of Tarique Rahman, Niko managed to get contracts in Bangladesh through the use of political clout and abuse of power.
Niko graft case: Court frames charges against Khaleda
As testified by former FBI Special Agent Debra Bragg (formerly Debra LaPrevotte Griffith), Niko sought the Chhatak East gas field through a joint venture agreement (JVA). Niko entered into a consultancy agreement with Stratum, a company headed by Qasim Sharif, who later became president of Niko’s Bangladesh chapter. Niko agreed to give US$ 4 million to Stratum within 15 days of signing of the JVA. Qasim Sharif then entered into an arrangement with Selim Bhuiyan (former president of Dhaka Club). Niko documents show that it paid Selim for arranging meetings with government officials at Bapex, Petrobangla and the energy ministry. Selim admitted before a Dhaka court that he took the money and paid Giasuddin Al Mamoon.
Selim gave Tk 1.8 crore to Mamoon. “Mr Mamoon told me that he was taking the lion’s share of the money as Tarique Rahman was with him,” Selim said in a confessional statement.
According to government documents, the JVA deal with Niko, signed on October 16, 2003, was vetted by the then law ministry and approved by the then prime minister Khaleda Zia.
To illustrate the extent of bribery, the FBI agent, in her statement mentioned that the then Law Minister Moudud Ahmed’s wife purchased a $400,000 home in the United States. Moudud Ahmed’s government salary during this time frame was approximately $9,500 per year.
As the FBI and RCMP evidence shows, the corrupt syndicate linked to Tarique Rahman thus handed over the Chhatak gas field to the incompetent Niko in exchange of bribes.
The cost Bangladesh paid
When Niko started drilling the Chhatak field, it caused two massive blowouts – first in January 2005 and the second in June 2005 – due to its “faulty and negligent operation.” The gas field was completely destroyed and gas escaped from the field for years. This caused serious health issues for the local population as well as environmental damage to the surrounding areas. Eighteen years down the line, the residents of the area surrounding Tengratila gas field in Sunamganj are still reeling from the adverse effects of the blow-outs. International experts have estimated the loss and damage from the blowouts to be over $1.06 billion.
The writer is an Ekushey Padak-winning journalist and researcher. Views expressed are the writer’s own.
‘Nobel laureate not being tried in this court; he is being tried as chairman of Grameen Telecom’
In a landmark legal decision that has captured public attention both at home and around the world, Dr. Muhammad Yunus, a Nobel laureate and a towering figure in the world of social entrepreneurship, was sentenced to six months in jail for violating Bangladesh’s labor laws. The intended message: Law spares no one, regardless of their status or achievements.
The case against Dr. Yunus centered around allegations of serious labor law violations within Grameen Telecom, the company he founded. The Third Labor Court in Dhaka, under the leadership of Judge Sheikh Merina Sultana, found that the company had failed to make 67 workers permanent employees as required and did not set up the employees’ participation and welfare funds or pay the mandatory 5 percent of the company’s dividends to the workers.
Dr Yunus describes verdict as 'contrary to all legal precedent and logic'
The legal journey of Dr. Yunus has been fraught with complexities. As the founder of Grameen Bank and a pioneer in microcredit, his contributions to alleviating poverty and supporting small entrepreneurs have been globally recognized. However, his recent legal troubles paint a different picture, one where his corporate practices come into question. The stark contrast between his global accolades and the domestic legal challenges he faces raises important questions about corporate governance and ethical responsibility.
In Bangladesh, a country striving to balance rapid economic growth with social justice, this case reflects the tensions inherent in such a transition. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s government has been known for its focus on serving the people of Bangladesh, notably through initiatives like the universal pension system. This emphasis on inclusive development stands in contrast to the allegations against Yunus, suggesting a disconnect between the ideals of social entrepreneurship and the realities of corporate practice.
Verdict against Dr Yunus an outcome of AL govt’s political vengeance: Ganatantra Mancha
The repercussions of this case extend beyond the borders of Bangladesh. The international community, particularly figures like former US President Barack Obama and former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, have expressed concern over the legal proceedings against Yunus. Their involvement underscores the global dimension of this case and its potential implications for Bangladesh’s image overseas. In response, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina invited international experts to assess the legal proceedings.
The Dhaka court, while reading out the verdict, said, “The defence complimented the accused No 1, Yunus, who is the Nobel-winning international figure for fighting poverty. But Nobel laureate Yunus is not being tried in this court, he is being tried as the chairman of Grameen Telecom. The allegations of violation of labour law have been proven against him.”
Dr Yunus was sentenced by court, AL not responsible for it: Quader
This case also highlights the broader issue of labor rights in the corporate sector. The violations alleged against Grameen Telecom are not just legal transgressions; they represent a failure to uphold the rights and welfare of workers.
The prosecution’s stance, as articulated by lawyer Khurshid Alam Khan, reflects a growing awareness and insistence on adherence to labor laws in Bangladesh. Khan said, “We have been able to prove the allegations… We think business owners will now be cautious. No one is above the law. If the law is violated, action will be taken against him.”
As Dr. Yunus is known to have close connections with political elites in the West, especially in the United States, many think the verdict could negatively impact Bangladesh’s relationship with the US. Foreign Secretary Masud Bin Momen, however, has said relations between Bangladesh and the US would likely not be affected by an issue involving a single individual.
The case raises important questions about the role of prominent individuals in society. The respect and admiration these figures command can often overshadow their corporate practices. This case serves as a reminder that public figures, no matter how celebrated, are subject to the same legal standards as any other citizen. It reinforces the principle that no one is above the law, a cornerstone of any democratic society.
As this story continues to unfold, with appeals and further legal proceedings, it remains a topic of intense debate and interest. It is a narrative that encapsulates the struggles of a developing nation to uphold the rule of law, and balance economic growth with social justice.
Hiren Pandit is a columnist and media development professional. Views expressed are the writer’s own.
Despite political friction, election festivities underway in Bangladesh
In the heart of South Asia, Bangladesh is witnessing festivity despite difficult circumstances as it approaches the parliamentary election scheduled for January 7. This significant political event is attracting attention not only within the nation but also from international observers.
Candidates are leaving no stone unturned in their bid to attract voters. They are tirelessly traversing their constituencies, holding rallies, and engaging in door-to-door campaigns. Their efforts are not limited to just presenting their political manifestos; they are keenly focused on encouraging citizens to actively participate in the electoral process. This intense campaigning is indicative of the vibrant democratic spirit that pervades the nation.
Amidst this electoral enthusiasm, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) has taken a contrary stance. In a significant political maneuver, the BNP has launched a "non-cooperation" movement against the upcoming election. This movement has been marked by a series of strategic actions, including the distribution of leaflets aimed at garnering support for their cause. The BNP's strategy includes urging citizens to halt tax payments and calling on government officials to abstain from performing their election-related duties.
Blockades and hartals enforced by BNP and likeminded opposition parties have been marred by several violent incidents that have raised concerns about public safety. The country has witnessed a series of arson attacks targeting transports, which have resulted in tragic losses. More disturbingly, a rail track sabotage led to a train derailment, causing a fatality. In a particularly heinous act, a train was set on fire, leading to the deaths of four individuals, including a mother and her child. Despite these acts of violence, daily life in Bangladesh has remained largely uninterrupted, and BNP’s blockades and hartals have not succeeded in mobilizing widespread public support.
On the other side of the political spectrum, the ruling Awami League is meticulously preparing for the elections. The party is not only focused on its electoral campaign but is also vigilantly monitoring BNP’s activities, as well as relevant developments in the country and overseas. There is a sense of cautious optimism within the Awami League as they navigate through these turbulent times.
The government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, has reiterated its commitment to conducting a free and fair election. This commitment is a cornerstone of the government's approach to these elections, emphasizing the importance of ensuring a safe and secure environment for voters. The Prime Minister's assurance aims to instill confidence among the electorate and to uphold the democratic values of the nation.
The political landscape of Bangladesh is a testament to the crucial role played by the people in shaping their political destiny. Political parties are fundamentally accountable to the citizens, and their legitimacy is contingent upon public support. This election season serves as a reminder that political entities must prioritize the welfare of the people over partisan interests. When political actions lead to public distress, it can result in a swift erosion of support.
The democratic process in Bangladesh is characterized by the importance of respecting the political rights of all parties. However, the ultimate decision-making power lies with the people of Bangladesh, and not external forces. Genuine democratic change requires the active and voluntary participation of the citizenry.
The Election Commission of Bangladesh has a pivotal role in ensuring the integrity of the electoral process. Amidst recurring concerns about the organization and management of elections, the Commission has pledged to conduct transparent and fair elections. This commitment is echoed by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who has expressed her unwavering dedication to facilitating free and fair polls.
The ubiquity of digital platforms has made it increasingly difficult to conceal any malpractices, thus enhancing the transparency of the electoral process. The rise of social media in political discourse has added a new dimension to the democratic process in Bangladesh.
A robust opposition is essential for a healthy democracy. The presence of a strong opposition in the parliament not only ensures a check on the ruling party but also enriches the political discourse. This is particularly relevant in the context of Bangladeshi politics, which boasts a rich history of democratic struggle and resilience.
The political history of Bangladesh is replete with examples of democratic fervor and the pursuit of political ideals. It is the responsibility of the current generation of political leaders to uphold these values and ensure that they are passed on to future generations. The legacy of Bangladesh's political journey is a valuable inheritance that must be preserved and cherished.
As the election day approaches, the atmosphere in Bangladesh is increasingly charged with anticipation. Candidates are engaging with the electorate in innovative ways, leveraging both traditional and digital platforms. The Election Commission is undertaking extensive preparations to ensure a smooth and successful electoral process. These preparations include the deployment of necessary manpower, and reshuffle of law enforcement and administrative officials, to facilitate a peaceful and orderly election.
The significance of the election extends beyond the immediate political outcomes. Elections are a crucial step in Bangladesh's ongoing journey towards progress and stability. The democratic process is an opportunity for the nation to reaffirm its commitment to the principles of liberty and justice.
In a statement that encapsulates the spirit of democracy, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has emphasized the importance of free choice in the electoral process. "You will exercise your right to vote with confidence. Vote for whoever you want, we have no say in that. I will give my vote, I will give it to whoever I want, that is our slogan," she declared. This statement reflects the government's dedication to upholding the democratic right of every citizen to vote according to their conscience.
The upcoming national election in Bangladesh is not just about selecting political representatives; they are a reaffirmation of the country's democratic values. The participation of citizens from all walks of life in the electoral process is a testament to the strength and vitality of Bangladesh's democracy. The festive atmosphere surrounding the election is a celebration of the nation's democratic spirit.
BNP, as a major political entity, faces a critical decision regarding its participation in the election. While the party pursues various strategies to challenge the government, the Awami League is moving forward with determination.
The upcoming parliamentary election in Bangladesh is a crucial moment in the nation's democratic journey. The vibrant electoral atmosphere, characterized by both celebration and contention, reflects the deep-rooted democratic ethos of the Bangladeshi people. As the nation prepares to cast its votes, there is a collective hope that the election will not only be a demonstration of democratic principles but also a step towards a more prosperous and stable future for Bangladesh.
Hiren Pandit is a columnist and media development professional. Views expressed are the writer’s own.