The contest is formally a choice between Milan-Cortina and Stockholm-Are . Effectively it is northern Italy against Sweden and Latvia as the costs and duties of Olympic hosting shift from cities to regions and multiple nations.
The International Olympic Committee hopes — and arguably needs — the 2026 Winter Games to ease concerns of taxpayers worldwide that hosting a two-week sports festival will be a too-expensive luxury.
"Both countries are very traditional and strong winter sport countries," said IOC president Thomas Bach, who wanted a return to Europe after two Winter Games in Asia.
Pyeongchang in 2018 will be followed in 2022 by Beijing, which took advantage of European rivals, including Stockholm, being wary of the cost or rejected by local voters.
Both 2026 candidates likely would have dropped out of previous contests which had stricter rules and deadlines.
Now, the IOC makes fewer demands early in the process, urges using existing venues, and coaxes candidates by letting them secure key government promises up to the last minute.
Milan emerged strongest last month from an Olympic panel's evaluation .
"We're the forerunner and we take pride in that fact," Italian Olympic Committee president Giovanni Malago said during the campaign.
Still, the votes of around 85 IOC members — many from countries with little snow and ice sports tradition — can be tough to read for Winter Games.
Here's a look at the vote:
Northern italy vs. Sweden/latvia
Milan is the city base, sharing the bid name with picturesque Alpine ski resort Cortina d'Ampezzo about 400 kilometers (250 miles) away by road. Other towns in the middle would also stage events.
A wider spread three-way hosting with Turin further west was avoided when the 2006 Winter Games host withdrew last year.
Milan's storied 80,000-seat San Siro soccer stadium is slated for the opening ceremony, and the closer is a Roman amphitheater in Verona.
Stockholm on Sweden's southern coast is 540 kilometers (335 miles) from Are in the northwest.
Almost as far across the Baltic Sea is Latvia, which has a bobsled track at Sigulda. It's the best option to avoid building a white elephant venue in Sweden.
"This would give Latvia an Olympic experience the country might not otherwise have the opportunity to enjoy," the IOC evaluation said.
Olympic experience
Split-nation hosting is not new to Sweden. In 1956, when Melbourne hosted the Summer Games in November and December, quarantine rules for horses meant equestrian events were held in Stockholm in June.
Sweden has never held the Winter Games, though Stockholm also hosted the 1912 Summer Games.
Italy has hosted two Winter Games — 1956 in Cortina and 2006 in Turin — plus the 1960 Summer Games in Rome.
Head-to-head contest
The IOC has just two candidates for the second straight Winter Games vote.
Four years ago, Beijing won a 44-40 vote narrowly over Almaty, Kazakhstan, after several contenders dropped out.
For 2026, a St. Moritz-Davos plan failed for the second straight time, and Switzerland's next option, Sion, was downed in a public vote . Opposition from Austrian voters also halted a bid, and the IOC stopped Erzurum, Turkey, going forward. Calgary, the 1988 host, lost a public vote and 1972 host Sapporo, Japan, did not follow through its initial interest.
Public support
The Italian and Swedish bids both had bumpy passages to Lausanne.
The Swedes have been tested to unite lawmakers. A new city government in Stockholm only formed in October and is not an official signatory to the key IOC hosting contract.
A minority national government coalition was approved only in January after being in limbo for months.
Italy also formed a new coalition last year, which gave caution to Olympic officials who had seen Rome drop out for the 2020 and 2024 Summer Games. Turin also pulled out in a squabble with Milan.
The IOC's own polling of public enthusiasm showed "83% support in Italy" and "55% in favor in Sweden."
Few new venues
Avoiding white elephants is the core value of modern Olympic bidding.
Milan needs to build a hockey arena with private funding. An athlete village in the city is planned anyway for university student housing.
The IOC's efficiency drive means it wants Bormio cut as the men's Alpine ski venue, and the women's venue Cortina used instead.
The Swedish bid has concerned the IOC for lacking "binding venue funding guarantees" for the athlete village in Stockholm, plus new arenas for speedskating and a shared venue for cross-country skiing and biathlon.
The IOC's evaluation team suggested using existing ski venues in Falun and Ostersund.
BUDGET
Russia's $51 billion spending — on venues, transport projects and budget overruns — for the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi still causes shivers in Olympic circles.
The 2026 bid needs to be seen as cost-controlled to help reassure potential future bidders.
The Italians plans for a games operating budget of 1.5 billion euros ($1.7 billion).
The Swedes estimate costs of 13.1 billion kronor ($1.4 billion) using no public funds.
The IOC has promised to kick in $925 million for the organizers, while security is an extra cost funded by taxpayers.
VOTING PROCESS
The IOC has 95 members, including royalty from Britain, Denmark, Jordan and the Emir of Qatar. Not all will vote Monday.
Three are suspended while implicated in wrongdoing, some rarely attend, while the members from Italy and Sweden are not eligible to vote.
The vote, starting a three-day annual meeting, is at the same SwissTech conference center in Lausanne where two years earlier IOC members agreed to combine the 2024 and 2028 Olympic votes — making winners of both Paris and Los Angeles.
The winner will have a simple majority of valid votes cast. It should be announced around 6 p.m. local time (16:00 GMT) on Monday.