Investor reaction was muted following Wednesday's release of notes from the latest Fed meeting showing conflicting opinions about rates.
Benchmarks in Shanghai and Hong Kong fell, while Tokyo and Sydney climbed.
Investors are looking to Chairman Jerome Powell's speech Friday for guidance about whether the Fed might cut rates at its next meeting in September. The Fed cut its key policy rate on July 31 for the first time in more than a decade, citing President Donald Trump's tariff battle with Beijing and other possible threats to economic growth.
Markets have a "high degree of policy uncertainty" ahead of Powell's speech and U.S.-China trade talks in September, said Stephen Innes of Oanda in a report.
Mixed views rates among Fed leaders are "well documented," but the notes are a "reminder of how challenging it could be for Chair Powell to meet the market's exceedingly dovish expectations," said Innes.
The Shanghai Composite Index dropped 0.2% to 2,876.08 and Hong Kong's Hang Seng fell 0.7% to 26,095.95.
Tokyo's Nikkei 225 edged up 0.1 % to 20,647.87 and Sydney's S&P-ASX 200 rose 0.3% to 6,505.90.
Seoul's Kospi was 0.6% lower at 1,953.39. New Zealand was up while Taiwan and Southeast Asian markets declined.
On Wall Street, the Standard & Poor's 500 index rose 0.8% to 2,924.43. The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 0.9% to 26,202.73. The Nasdaq added 0.9% to 8,020.21.
Traders say strong quarterly results from retailers as a sign of health among consumers who account for 70% of U.S. economic growth.
Target notched its biggest-ever gain, while Lowe's had its best day in more than a year, leading a broad rally in companies that rely on consumer spending. Nordstrom, Kohl's, Gap and other retailers closed higher.
Technology companies accounted for a big share of the gains. Financial stocks rose as bond prices fell, pushing yields higher. Real estate and materials stocks lagged the rest of the market.
The Trump administration has imposed a 25% tariff on $250 billion in Chinese imports. A pending 10% tariff on another $300 billion in goods would hit everything from toys to clothing and shoes that China ships to the United States. But 60% of the new tariffs wouldn't go into effect until mid-December, and others were taken off the table altogether.
ENERGY: Benchmark U.S. crude gained 2 cents to $55.70 per barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract lost 45 cents on Wednesday to close at $55.68. Brent crude, used to price international oils, declined 4 cents to $60.26 in London. It gained 27 cents the previous session to $60.30.
CURRENCY: The dollar dropped to 106.40 yen from Wednesday's 106.62 yen. The euro rose to $1.1089 from $1.1086.