At a meeting of the Russian Security Council, Putin said military technology is developing rapidly and competition and rivalry are intensifying in the world.
"Our task for the next decade is to continue to strengthen and develop the military and technical potential as well as the human resources of the military," he said.
He said a new armaments program and a development plan for the military-industrial complex are to be elaborated next year. The main task will be building up the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of weapons and military equipment.
In the next few years, the share of modern weapons and equipment in the Russian army, navy, security and law enforcement agencies should be raised to 70 percent from the current 68 percent and then stably kept at this level, Putin said.
He said the share of modern weapons and equipment should be even higher in the strategic nuclear forces, which play a key role in containing potential aggressors and maintaining the balance of power in the world.
Putin expressed serious concern about the active improvement of offensive weapons in leading countries and about the rising number of countries possessing nuclear missiles.
He is also worried about the military infrastructure of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization getting closer to Russia's borders and about attempts to militarize the space.
The new armaments program should include the expansion of modern and prospective high-precision weapons and aerospace defense equipment, and the active use of artificial intelligence in the creation of military products, Putin said.
The range of unmanned reconnaissance and attack aircraft, laser and hypersonic weapons, and robots capable of diverse tasks on the battlefield should also be expanded, he said.
"Despite all the rapid technological changes in the world, our armed forces must be equipped with the latest science and technology," Putin said.