The artificial intelligence that powers systems like OpenAI's ChatGPT, Google's Gemini and Meta’s Llama will not be able to attain human levels of intelligence, said Meta's AI head Yann LeCun. In an interview published in the Financial Times on Wednesday, he gave an insight into how the tech giant expects to develop the technology going ahead, only weeks after its plans to spend massively frightened investors and destroyed hundreds of billions from its market worth, reports Forbes. ChatGPT-4: All you need to know The models, commonly referred to as LLMs, are trained using massive quantities of data, and their capacity to properly respond to prompts is restricted by the type of the data on which they are trained, according to LeCun, implying that they are only accurate when given the appropriate training data, it said. LLMs have a "limited understanding of logic," lack enduring memory, do not understand the physical world, and cannot plan hierarchically. LeCun said, adding that they “cannot reason in any reasonable definition of the term.” 'TruthGPT': Elon Musk plans to create alternative to ChatGPT Because they are only accurate when fed the correct training data, LeCun, considered one of three "AI godfathers" for his fundamental contribution in the field, stated that LLMs are also "intrinsically unsafe" and that researchers seeking to produce human-level AI should look at other models, the report said. LeCun stated that he and his roughly 500-strong team at Meta's Fundamental AI Research lab are working to develop an entirely new generation of AI systems based on an approach known as "world modelling," in which the system builds an understanding of the world around it in the same way that humans do and develops a sense of what would happen if something changed as a result, added the report. What Is Google Gemini AI? How to Use the New Chatbot Model LeCun predicted that human-level AI may take up to ten years to create using the world modelling technique.

The same day (March 23, 2023) that Italy submitted pasta carbonara for inclusion on Unesco’s list of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the Financial Times published an article in which Italian culinary expert Alberto Grandi claimed that carbonara was developed by Americans residing in Italy shortly after WWII. The claim sparked outrage throughout Italy. “A surrealist attack!” – said the agriculture organisation Coldiretti, as heated social media discussion ensued nationwide, according to a BBC article. So who really created the original carbonara? Italian food author Eleonora Cozzella says, “It was a combination of Italian genius and American resources.” Cozzella spent six years covering National Carbonara Day on April 6, and eventually wrote The Perfect Carbonara, which earned a Gourmand World Cookbook Award in 2020, says the BBC. Read More: Activists target Salt Bae’s upscale London steakhouse She interviewed the descendants of innkeepers who fed American soldiers in the neighborhood of Trastevere, just over the Tiber river in Rome, in the late 1940s. US soldiers apparently asked for “spaghetti breakfast” that should have eggs and bacon. Even during the desperate times, Italians could acquire military rations in the black market, including bacon from Americans and egg powder from the British. In 1952, the first recipe for pasta carbonara was published in the United States. Author Patricia Bronté mentioned the Italian restaurant Armando’s, run by chefs Pietro Lencioni and Armando Lorenzini, among her favorite spots in her book “Vittles and Vice: An Incredible Guide to What’s Cooking on Chicago’s Near North Side”. She included recipe of the restaurant’s famous dish, carbonara. “No one has a trademark on the recipe,” Alessandro Pipero, chef of the Michelin-starred restaurant Pipero in Rome and one of the “carbonara kings” told BBC. “Honestly, I don’t care who invented it,” he said. The first Italian recipe for carbonara was published in August 1954 in La Cucina Italiana magazine. “And it is a strange one,” Cozzella said in the BBC report. “It has parsley and even gruyere as cheese!” Read More: Homemade Ice Cream Recipes Using Seasonal Fruits for This Summer  “This debate is ridiculous and dangerous,” said Michele Fino, a law professor at Pollenzo's University of Gastronomic Sciences, calling it “old news”. According to Fino, the discussion is harmful because a toxic type of nationalism may be lurking between the pecorino and a piece of guanciale, or maybe deep inside the tubular rigatoni. “It is a sort of banal nationalism that runs through food,” he told BBC. “People consider it unimportant, but it creates a certain climate – we shouldn’t ignore it.”

Power blackouts and high import prices are fuelling fears that Bangladesh's previous gains could be reversed by the global crisis, according to the Financial Times. In South Asia, a region of almost 2 billion people across India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Bangladesh stood out for its development and success in fostering a globally competitive goods export sector. But now, along with most of its neighbours, the country is being rocked by soaring prices of energy and food following the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. These have led to energy shortages and rising import bills that are, in some cases, straining their ability to keep up with debt payments, the British daily said. The regional economic crisis in south Asia has been swingeing in its casualties, claiming countries whose governments pursued reckless spending policies, such as Sri Lanka, alongside model development economies. It now threatens to reverse hard-won, generational gains made in the world's most populous emerging market region. The crisis is punishing countries with an array of different economic performances and models, said Mark Malloch Brown, a former UN and World Bank official who now heads the George Soros-backed Open Society Foundations. "Bangladesh, a very internationally oriented economy known for its garment sector, is getting killed by economic conditions elsewhere in the world." Bangladesh had until recently been better insulated from recent economic shocks, in part because of its successful export sector. But Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's government in July approached the IMF for a loan to try and shore up its foreign currency reserves and help the low-lying country build resilience against climate change. The country is seeking about $4.5 billion from the fund, and as much as $4 billion more from other lenders, including the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. Read: Bangladesh template for development success: Financial Times In addition to raising fuel prices, which triggered protests, Bangladesh's government has cut school and office hours to conserve energy and introduced import restrictions on luxury goods to protect its foreign reserves. Bangladesh's Finance Minister AHM Mustafa Kamal insists that "everybody is under pressure," and his country is not in danger of falling into the deep financial distress of its neighbours. "Bangladesh is in no way connected to what is happening in countries like Sri Lanka." "Creditors know our projects, know our balance sheet very well. [Bangladesh] is a good place to offer money," the minister added. The IMF said with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 39 percent – lower than its neighbours – Bangladesh is "not in a crisis situation," but the country is vulnerable to the "huge uncertainty surrounding global economic developments." The garments sector helped shield Bangladesh during the pandemic, with exports rising to a record as locked-down consumers overseas shopped for clothes online. But it is now starting to feel the strain. The IMF said demand for Bangladesh's cornerstone industry's products will suffer due to slowing growth in major buyers in the US and European countries. "This is definitely going to affect export performance going forward." The country's garment makers import everything from raw materials to machinery. David Hasanat, chair of Dhaka-based manufacturer Viyellatex Groups, said the price of cotton had increased more than 50 percent, but that his company was only able to pass on about 10 percent of that cost to buyers. "Eventually [the higher costs] will give us more pain." Also, the rising import bill has taken a toll on Bangladesh's foreign reserves, which have fallen to less than $40 billion, from more than $45 billion last year. While this remains enough for about five months' worth of imports, Dhaka University economics Professor Rashed Al Mahmud Titumir said he expects it to fall below three months' import cover – the level economists often consider critical – by the end of the year. "The situation is laying bare cracks in the economy, from Bangladesh's slowing poverty reduction to its stagnating wages and rising debt. This has exposed the [success] story that we hear as a kind of a mirage," he added. Malloch Brown said the experience of South Asian countries shows how the pressures on emerging markets are part of a wider "systemic crisis which really endangers the global economy." He called for an international policy response akin to the Marshall Plan extended to war-ruined countries after the second world war.

A recent article, published by British daily the Financial Times, said the rise of Bangladesh as a "development success story," is "a template for a host of African nations." Bangladesh offers a glimpse of what is genuinely possible and a rebuke to those who see past national performance as a guide to future prospects, reads the article by David Pilling. Citing Charlie Robertson, chief economist at Renaissance Capital, the article put down the country's development success to three factors – literacy, electricity and fertility – all tests that Bangladesh passes. In his book "The Time Travelling Economist," Charlie argues that the prerequisites for industrial take-off are adult literacy above 70 percent, electricity supply above 300 kWh per person and a fertility rate below 3 children. In Africa, most of the nations have a sordid record in providing electricity to their citizens. David wrote: "Bangladesh today is where South Korea was in 1975," and the country "holds lessons for many parts of Africa, though it is rarely mentioned as a template for development." South Korea and Singapore are frequently cited, but no African country has come close to matching their success. Read:Bangladesh a global model for poverty reduction: WB  Pointing to the recent effort by the government to seek loans from the International Monetary Fund, David wrote: "If you take the long view, Bangladesh – once dismissed as a 'bottomless basket' by Henry Kissinger – is a development success." About the remarkable turnaround of the country in three decades, the article said: "GDP per capita has increased eightfold. Women have two children on average, meaning parents have more money to devote to each child's education, health and wellbeing – and banks have more savings to recycle to industry." "The proportion of people living in absolute poverty has more than halved. The position of women has greatly improved. More girls are in secondary school than boys."