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Iranian Foreign Minister Seyed Abbas Araghchi said Friday that Iran has sent the United States a proposal that could allow the Strait of Hormuz to reopen within seven days if certain conditions are fulfilled. Speaking to reporters at the U.N. headquarters in New York, Araghchi said Iran had delivered a “concrete seven-day plan” to Washington through Qatar. He said the seven-day period would begin once the United States agrees to the proposal. Under the plan, Washington would have to take a number of measures that Iran believes could require four or five days, Araghchi said. The strait would then be reopened on the sixth day, followed by the start of negotiations with the United States on the seventh day toward a final agreement covering mutually agreed issues. Araghchi said the measures expected from Washington were not new and had already been included in a memorandum of understanding signed by the leaders of the two countries in June. “If there is seriousness in the U.S. side to come to a deal and reopen the Strait of Hormuz, everything is now prepared,” Araghchi said. “The choice now rests with the United States,” he added, stressing that Iran would not accept coercion, threats or intimidation and would not give up its sovereign rights under pressure. The United States and Iran signed an MoU on June 18 aimed at ending the war in the region on all fronts, including Lebanon. Under the agreement, the two sides were expected to begin negotiations within 60 days, with the deadline falling on Aug. 17, to reach a final deal. However, the future of the negotiations remains uncertain following a series of recent escalations between Washington and Tehran.  

Iran has proposed reopening the Strait of Hormuz within seven days and restarting negotiations with the United States over its nuclear program, provided Washington agrees to several conditions. Tehran wants the U.S. to end its naval blockade of Iranian ports, remove restrictions on Iranian oil exports, and maintain a ceasefire that also covers Lebanon. Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi outlined the proposal Friday outside the U.N. Security Council. He said the seven-day period would begin immediately after the United States accepts the plan. According to Araghchi, the initial measures would take roughly four to five days, with the Strait of Hormuz reopening on the sixth day. Talks between Iran and the U.S. would then resume on the seventh day to negotiate a broader nuclear agreement. The Strait of Hormuz has become Iran's most important source of leverage. Before the war, roughly one-fifth of the world's traded oil and gas passed through the waterway. Disruptions there have affected international energy markets and created political difficulties for President Donald Trump and Republicans ahead of the November midterm elections. The White House has said that American officials are engaged in constructive discussions with mediators regarding the conflict. It also said the United States is helping maintain significant oil exports through the Strait of Hormuz. There was no immediate response from Gulf Arab governments. However, a person familiar with the discussions told The Associated Press that Saudi Arabia remained doubtful about Iran's latest proposal. Proposal Similar to an Earlier Failed AgreementThe new plan, which Qatar presented to Washington, closely resembles an agreement reached in June, although the proposed timeline is much shorter. That earlier arrangement included a 60-day interim period but soon broke down after Iran resumed attacks on shipping in the strait. President Trump has indicated that he is not under pressure to reach an agreement, despite high oil prices contributing to inflation. In Iran, meanwhile, questions remain over whether powerful hard-line security officials would support compromises advocated by President Masoud Pezeshkian and Foreign Minister Araghchi. Trita Parsi, executive vice president of the Quincy Institute, said Trump could become more flexible if he believes the proposal could provide political advantages before the midterm elections while also helping lower fuel prices. At the same time, Parsi pointed to significant mistrust, particularly concerns that Iran could use an agreement mainly to gain time to export more oil and reduce economic pressure. Diplomatic Contacts IncreaseThere have been additional indications that diplomatic efforts may be gaining momentum. Iranian President Pezeshkian met Qatar's prime minister early Friday. Qatar has played a central role in mediating between Iran and the United States, including during indirect discussions at the United Nations this week. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said Wednesday that Washington would be willing to exchange ideas and messages if an opportunity arose. Nevertheless, repeated failures to reach an agreement have left both sides deeply suspicious of each other. The United States and Israel have attacked Iran twice while nuclear negotiations were underway, while Washington and Tehran have each accused the other of violating the June arrangement. Iran analyst Hamidreza Azizi of the International Crisis Group said Tehran may already believe Trump is unlikely to accept the proposal. He argued that Iran could be attempting to demonstrate that it was willing to pursue diplomacy, while portraying the United States as the side that disrupted negotiations through military action. Araghchi also said Friday that more than 5,000 people in Iran had been killed during the nearly seven-month U.S.-Israeli war. Uncertainty Over YemenThe proposed ceasefire would cover Lebanon, where Israel and Iran-backed Hezbollah have largely maintained a truce. It remains uncertain whether the arrangement would also address the renewed fighting involving Yemen's Iran-backed Houthi rebels and Saudi Arabia. Iran may believe that the Houthis' increased ability to threaten the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, another major global shipping route, could increase pressure on Trump to accept an agreement. During the U.N. General Assembly, Araghchi met with his Saudi counterpart as Iranian officials held discussions with representatives of several countries involved in military confrontations with Tehran over the past year. The Saudi government reportedly remained skeptical of the latest proposal, particularly following increased Houthi attacks. Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states had previously supported renewed negotiations during the summer. According to the person familiar with the discussions, they had been prepared to accept an arrangement allowing Iran a temporary role in managing the Strait of Hormuz. However, Saudi calculations changed after the Houthis captured strategic territory along Yemen's Red Sea coast and a major Saudi pipeline was attacked. Earlier in September, Gulf leaders were expected to meet in Oman to discuss a developing agreement between Oman and Iran concerning the Strait of Hormuz. The meeting was canceled after Saudi Arabia requested changes to the proposed arrangement. Iran accepted only some of those amendments. Divisions Emerge Within IranAlthough Iran's leadership has attempted to present a united front, disagreements have emerged over the country's approach to the war and negotiations. Some hard-line figures favor continuing or intensifying the conflict in an effort to obtain greater concessions from Washington. They have criticized Pezeshkian and Araghchi for pursuing diplomacy. Hard-line lawmaker Ebrahim Rezaei criticized meetings with what he called the country's “aggressor enemy,” describing them as a sign of weakness. Iran's Assembly of Experts, the body of Shiite clerics responsible for appointing the supreme leader, declared that resistance remained the only option. Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf, who previously served as a chief negotiator in talks with Washington, offered an unusually direct acknowledgment that Iran's leadership faces internal disagreement. He described one side as advocating war without providing a clear path to ending the conflict successfully, while another side risks underestimating Iran's own capabilities. Qalibaf warned that pursuing either extreme could damage the country — one by keeping Iran trapped in a continuing crisis and the other, in his view, by allowing national resources and dignity to be surrendered to its adversaries.

Hundreds of thousands of Iranians took part in a government-organised rally on Friday, pledging to defend their country in the biggest such show of support since the United States and Israel launched attacks in February. The Iranian government has been trying to strengthen national unity as the country’s economy comes under increasing pressure from a US naval blockade of Iranian ports and new US sanctions aimed at further hurting Tehran’s economy. The number of people who volunteered to receive basic military training and help defend Iran varied in official estimates. The campaign, called “Janfaday-e Iran,” meaning “those who sacrifice their lives for Iran,” saw volunteers march through central Tehran in military uniforms while carrying flags and receiving cheers from crowds. State media have spent days urging Iranians to join the campaign, saying training with assault rifles would begin soon. The volunteers are expected to provide an additional layer of security alongside Iran’s powerful Revolutionary Guard and its volunteer Basij force. Tehran’s Guard chief, Gen. Hassan Hassanzadeh, told state television that more than 600,000 people had registered for the programme, while more than 1 million were expected to undergo training. The broadcaster estimated Friday morning that more than 300,000 people had gathered in the streets. Hossein Taeb, the newly appointed head of the Basij, said in a speech at the start of the rally that the volunteers would be prepared for “full-fledged defense” and that similar rallies would soon be held in other cities. Taeb said the new trainees would become a “nightmare” for Iran’s enemies. President Masoud Pezeshkian, military commanders and other senior officials watched the march. Some demonstrators stepped on US and Israeli flags, while others chanted “Death to America” and “Death to Israel.” “I am here to tell (US President Donald) Trump that we Iranians have no fear about his threats against our homeland,” said Marzieh Afaghi, 24, who attended the rally with her husband and toddler. “No one in history could invade Iran and remain there,” she said. The rally also featured Iranian military equipment, including anti-aircraft systems. Female Revolutionary Guard members wearing black headscarves were seen sitting beside machine guns mounted on trucks. The Guard also displayed drones that have been widely used against ships in the Strait of Hormuz. Iran has asserted control over the strategic waterway since the war began, severely disrupting shipments of oil and natural gas from the Gulf region to global markets. Volunteers could strengthen crackdown capabilitiesFriday’s rally also highlighted the possibility that hardliners such as Taeb within Iran’s leadership could have greater support to deal with future protests against the country’s theocratic system. Iran witnessed some of its largest nationwide protests in January, shortly before the war began. The demonstrations initially focused on the struggling economy but later expanded to broader grievances. Activists have said a government crackdown killed more than 7,000 people and led to tens of thousands of arrests. Those figures could not be independently verified by The Associated Press. In May, Iranian government officials said more than 30 million people in the country, which has a population of about 90 million, had volunteered through an online form or at public gatherings to sacrifice their lives for the theocracy.

Saudi Arabia and the United States carried out airstrikes against Iran-backed militias in Iraq in July after accusing them of launching drone attacks on Saudi oil facilities. The attacks had been claimed by Yemen’s Houthi rebels, who are also backed by Iran. Regional officials have now told The Associated Press that the Houthis assisted the Iraqi militias in planning and carrying out the two-day drone assault, indicating a growing level of coordination between the two groups. For decades, Iran built a network of armed allies along Israel’s borders. Many of those groups suffered heavy losses during conflicts that followed Hamas’ Oct. 7, 2023, attack from Gaza. Israel launched major attacks against Hamas as well as Lebanon’s Hezbollah, previously Iran’s most powerful regional ally. Regional officials and analysts say Tehran is increasingly relying on Iraqi militias and the Houthis to put pressure on Saudi Arabia and other US partners in the Gulf. The aim, they say, is to increase the economic and military costs of the war launched by the US and Israel in February. The strategy carries significant risks. A fresh wave of Houthi attacks on Saudi oil facilities Tuesday raised fears of a return to full-scale conflict between the Houthis and the kingdom. Meanwhile, Iraq has ordered militias to disarm by the end of this month, although several powerful Iran-backed groups have rejected the order. A renewed US campaign to isolate Iran economically could further intensify the confrontation. Iran-backed groups in Yemen and Iraq apply pressure from both sidesTwo Saudi officials, citing intelligence information, and a senior Iraqi security official confirmed that the Houthis participated in the Iraqi drone operation. According to them, Houthi representatives worked from an operations center operated by Iraqi militias. Saudi Arabia and the United States responded with joint airstrikes that killed at least 20 Iraqi fighters, six Iranian advisers and at least one Houthi official. The death of the Houthi official, which had not previously been reported, was confirmed by a Houthi official and a member of an Iraqi militia. A US military official said Houthi fighters had also been killed in earlier US strikes in Iraq. The official said Washington was concerned about the presence of Houthi members in Iraq and their potential ability to conduct attacks against other countries, including Saudi Arabia. Two officials from Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces, an umbrella organization of militias that is formally part of the country’s security structure, denied that the group had taken part in the attack on Saudi Arabia. They also denied that Houthis were operating under the PMF’s authority. The PMF includes several powerful Iran-backed militias, some of which operate independently at times. The officials and the militia member spoke anonymously because they were not authorized to discuss the matter publicly. The Houthis did not respond to requests for comment. Cooperation expanded during the Gaza warRelations between Iraqi militias and the more organized Houthi movement strengthened during the Gaza war, when the groups coordinated attacks against Israel, according to Houthi and regional officials. At the height of the conflict, Houthi leader Abdel-Malek al-Houthi publicly referred to the existence of a joint operations room. Following US and Israeli attacks on Iran on Feb. 28, Iran and allied groups began launching attacks against Gulf countries in an effort to widen the conflict and impose costs on major oil-producing states that host US military forces. "Iran has a hybrid strategy in the current war. We are not fighting on one front and we are not using one tool," Mahdi Mohammadi, an adviser to Iran’s parliament speaker, wrote on social media in June. Ahmed Nagi, a senior Yemen analyst at the Crisis Group, said the Houthis’ increased role during the Gaza conflict created new opportunities for cooperation in Iraq. "Many groups there became eager to support the Houthis, and in return, the Houthis started sharing their military expertise with Iraqi militias," Nagi said. He described the emerging cooperation as a way of "squeezing Saudi like with pliers." Houthi blockade increases pressure on Saudi ArabiaA week before the Iraqi drone attack, the Houthis announced a blockade targeting Saudi shipping in the Red Sea. That move threatened another major trade route at a time when disruption in the Strait of Hormuz had already shaken the global economy. According to the conflict-monitoring organization ACLED, the Houthis have launched more than a dozen attacks against Saudi oil facilities and tankers in the Red Sea since late July. On Tuesday, the group carried out a series of attacks targeting oil and other facilities in southern Saudi Arabia. Saudi authorities said more than 70 people, including women and children, were injured. ACLED said the Houthi blockade has pushed Saudi Arabia to adopt a "dark" shipping policy, including switching off tracking systems on oil tankers traveling through the Red Sea. Saudi oil shipments increasingly targetedSaudi Arabia had redirected a large portion of its oil exports toward the Red Sea after Iran effectively shut the Strait of Hormuz. However, following the start of Houthi attacks, Saudi Arabia began moving more oil northward toward the Suez Canal and Egypt’s SUMED pipeline. Global shipping monitor Kpler reported that flows through the pipeline increased from about 650,000 barrels per day in June to more than 1.9 million barrels per day in August. The Houthis demonstrated last month that they could also threaten this alternative route when they attacked a Saudi tanker in the northern Red Sea with a missile. The tanker was reportedly traveling from the Saudi port of Yanbu toward the Suez Canal, around 1,000 kilometers (700 miles) from territory controlled by the Houthis. Adam Baron, a Yemen expert at the New America think tank in Washington, said the Houthis appeared prepared to accept short-term costs in pursuit of what they view as longer-term advantages, including expanding their influence along the Red Sea coast. "The train to a return to full scale war has left the station, and it's unclear if anyone is going to jump in to stop it," Baron said, pointing to Washington’s focus on Iran and Saudi Arabia’s reluctance to become directly involved in Yemen again. Houthis have their own reasons to target Saudi ArabiaThe Houthis captured Yemen’s capital, Sanaa, in 2014. A year later, Saudi Arabia joined Yemen’s internationally recognized government in a military campaign against the rebels. Saudi authorities were likely concerned about the possibility of having a Hezbollah-style armed group operating along their border. The Yemen civil war has killed at least 150,000 people, according to UN estimates, and at various points brought the country close to famine. A ceasefire that had largely remained in place since 2022 has now effectively collapsed. For years, a Saudi-led blockade has increased pressure on the Houthis while also causing severe hardship for civilians living in areas controlled by the rebels. The Houthis have frequently responded to pressure by escalating their attacks. Elisabeth Kendall, a Yemen expert at Cambridge University’s Girton College, said renewed fighting could give the Houthis an opportunity to seize energy-rich parts of eastern Yemen. Houthis possess a wide range of advanced weaponsThe Houthis control large parts of northern and central Yemen and have spent years acquiring advanced weapons through smuggling networks despite the blockade and a UN arms embargo. Iran denies supplying weapons to the rebels, but Iranian-made arms have been recovered from battlefields and intercepted shipments. The Houthis possess a broad arsenal that includes cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, drones and unmanned submarines. Saudi-backed forces in Yemen are now fighting the Houthis on several fronts, including around the strategically important port of Hodeida and Taiz province on Yemen’s western coast. The Houthis, meanwhile, have attacked Mokha, the main Red Sea port that remains under government control. Saudi Arabia appears hesitant to launch another direct campaign against the Houthis. But Kendall said that if the rebels continue escalating their attacks, the kingdom "will have to act decisively once and for all."  

Iran said Sunday that it had struck an unmanned U.S. vessel attempting to enter the Strait of Hormuz, marking the latest escalation in renewed fighting between the two countries. The United States did not immediately confirm the reported attack. It came a day after the U.S. military said it had struck three Iranian oil tankers in response to a missile attack targeting U.S. Navy warships. The conflict began with U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran on Feb. 28. Although a ceasefire was announced in June, sporadic clashes have continued as negotiations between the two sides collapsed. Fighting resumed last week after about a month of relative calm, with attacks again focusing on the Strait of Hormuz and Iranian communities along the strategic waterway. At least five people were killed earlier in the week during U.S. strikes in southern Iran. The Trump administration appears to be pursuing both military and economic pressure, responding to attacks in the strait while targeting foreign financial institutions accused of helping Iran move money. Despite years of sanctions and the current U.S. blockade, Iran has continued finding ways to export oil, relying partly on a so-called shadow fleet to transport crude to buyers and ease growing economic pressure. Meanwhile, efforts to resolve disputes over Iran's nuclear programme have stalled after negotiations broke down shortly after the two sides signed a memorandum of understanding in mid-June. Diplomats say the United States, Britain, France and Germany are seeking to refer Iran to the U.N. Security Council over Tehran's alleged failure to meet its nuclear nonproliferation obligations. Iran, however, is increasingly using its position around the Strait of Hormuz as leverage. The waterway is a vital route for global oil and natural gas shipments and had been regarded as an international passage before the war began.

  A fuel tanker exploded in western Iran, killing 11 people and injuring seven others, state media said. IRNA reported late Saturday that the tanker hit other cars before bursting into flames near a traffic police station close to the Kurdish city of Sanandaj, some 400 kilometers (248 miles) west of the capital, Tehran. The report cited a faulty brake system. The injured were transferred to hospitals. In 2018, a similar road accident between a fuel tanker and an intercity passenger bus near Sanandaj killed 15 people and injured four. Road and traffic accidents annually leave more than 17,000 dead in Iran. Experts blame the high fatality rate on unsafe vehicles, disregard for traffic rules, and inadequate emergency services.

US forces struck three Iranian oil tankers after Iranian forces allegedly targeted American Navy vessels with ballistic missiles, marking a fresh escalation in the months-long conflict, the US military said Saturday. The US military said an aircraft carrier and a destroyer came under multiple “unprovoked Iranian attacks” while operating in the region, but no American personnel were injured. According to the US statement, two Iranian oil tankers were permanently disabled and a third, which was carrying no cargo, was destroyed. The military said the vessels were part of a shadow shipping network that helps finance Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and its regional allies. US Central Command chief Adm. Brad Cooper warned that Washington would defend its forces and, if necessary, destroy Iran's “limited and exposed oil fleet.” Iran's state broadcaster later reported that Iranian forces had targeted three oil tankers and three US vessels in retaliation for the American strikes. The report could not immediately be independently verified. An Iranian military command spokesperson warned that attacks on US warships would become more severe if Washington continued interfering with Iranian shipping. The US said one tanker was hit near Kharg Island, a key Iranian oil-export terminal, another near Jask east of the Strait of Hormuz, and the third in the Gulf of Oman. The crew of the empty tanker was ordered to abandon the vessel. Iran's Foreign Ministry condemned the attacks as a war crime and warned that Washington and its allies would bear responsibility for the consequences of continued US aggression, including what Tehran described as economic warfare. The latest strikes came nearly a week after the United States and Iran resumed hostilities following a month-long lull. Fighting has again centered on the Strait of Hormuz, a crucial route for global oil and gas shipments. The conflict began on Feb. 28 with US and Israeli strikes on Iran. Months of intermittent fighting have inflicted military and economic damage on both sides, while diplomatic efforts to end the conflict have collapsed. The latest escalation also follows renewed attacks in southern Iran, where a US strike earlier this week killed at least five people. One attack hit a wedding gathering, according to local accounts. The Trump administration has pursued a combination of military action and economic pressure against Tehran. US Vice President JD Vance said Thursday that there was no prospect of renewed negotiations while Iran continued attacking ships, although he noted that major military operations had ended in July. Iran, meanwhile, has continued exporting oil despite US sanctions and a blockade, relying partly on a shadow fleet of vessels to transport crude to international buyers. The country's nuclear programme remains a major source of tension. Negotiations intended to address the issue collapsed after the two countries signed a memorandum of understanding in June. The United States, Britain, France and Germany are now seeking to refer Iran to the UN Security Council over alleged failures to meet its nuclear nonproliferation obligations. With diplomacy stalled, Tehran has increasingly used control over the Strait of Hormuz as leverage. US forces have been helping commercial vessels navigate the waterway, although shipping traffic remains significantly below normal levels.

A new US ballistic missile may have caused widespread deaths and damage in the Iranian city of Lamerd during its first reported combat use, raising concerns about deploying the weapon near populated areas, according to an analysis by conflict monitor Airwars and weapons experts. Three missiles struck Lamerd on Feb. 28, killing at least 21 civilians, including seven children, Iranian officials said. Airwars found civilians were killed up to 50 meters from the explosion sites, while damage extended more than three times farther. The analysis suggests the weapons were US-made Precision Strike Missiles (PrSM), which are designed to explode in midair and release tens of thousands of high-speed tungsten pellets. Airwars mapped the strike sites using satellite images, videos, photographs, social media posts and other public material. The Associated Press independently reviewed the evidence. Six weapons experts, including two former military officials, said the damage was consistent with a PrSM attack and that such missiles should not be used near civilians. The US military has confirmed using PrSMs in Iran but denies striking Lamerd. It suggested footage showed an Iranian Hoveyzeh cruise missile. Experts said the missile visible in the footage did not match that model. Israel also denied striking as far south as Lamerd. The intended target remains unclear. An Iranian Revolutionary Guard compound is nearby, but satellite images showed no damage there. The PrSM can strike targets more than 499 kilometers away and is replacing the Army Tactical Missile System. Unlike its predecessor, it releases thousands of tungsten pellets in all directions, making it highly lethal. Since the Lamerd strikes, the Pentagon has awarded Lockheed Martin a contract worth more than $4 billion to increase production. Britain and Australia are also purchasing the missiles. Experts said the weapon has useful military capabilities but should be reserved for appropriate targets away from civilian areas.

Six months into a devastating war, Iran’s leadership has consolidated around a group of senior military commanders and clerics with deep roots in the country’s ruling system, signaling preparations for a prolonged standoff with the United States while moving aggressively to prevent unrest at home. The development is a sharp departure from US President Donald Trump’s early expectation that the Islamic Republic could be toppled, followed by his later assertion that regime change had brought more moderate figures into Iran’s leadership. Iran’s new ruling circle appears deeply skeptical of reaching an agreement with Trump after being attacked twice while negotiations were underway. Officials may also be preparing for renewed US strikes after Washington replenishes its stocks of missile interceptors. At the same time, Iran has warned it could intensify the conflict as a US blockade and planned sanctions place additional pressure on an economy already struggling. “If Trump wants to act, we will respond on a seismic scale,” Mohsen Rezaei, Iran’s newly appointed secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, said last weekend. In a post on X, he warned that continued economic warfare could result in Iran stopping all oil exports from the Persian Gulf. Iran moves to prevent another wave of unrest Rezaei was among a series of appointments announced by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Mojtaba Khamenei to establish the country’s new senior leadership and military command structure. His father, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and many senior officials were killed in the US-Israeli bombing campaign that began Feb. 28. The appointment of Hossein Taeb as head of the Basij, the Revolutionary Guard’s volunteer force used to maintain order on the streets, was particularly significant. The Basij played a major role in suppressing nationwide protests in January, when thousands were killed. Taeb, a hard-line cleric and former intelligence chief, was also involved in an earlier major crackdown during protests in 2009. His return to a prominent security position suggests Iran’s leadership is determined to prevent fresh demonstrations as economic hardship and public dissatisfaction increase. The 56-year-old supreme leader has not appeared publicly or in recorded video or audio since Israeli attacks killed his father, who had led Iran for nearly four decades. Mojtaba Khamenei is also believed to have been injured. His absence could be linked either to extensive security precautions because he remains a potential Israeli target or to the severity of his injuries. Khamenei relies on longtime hard-line alliesThrough appointments announced Aug. 11 and 12, Khamenei brought several longtime allies into key positions, including Rezaei and Taeb. The appointments appear to strengthen a group of veteran commanders who have worked together for decades, said Sascha Bruchmann, an analyst with the International Institute for Strategic Studies’ Middle East office in Bahrain. Rezaei, 71, commanded Iran’s Revolutionary Guard during much of its early development, including the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war, and remained in the position until 1997. He has repeatedly sought the presidency as a hard-line candidate since 2009. Brig. Gen. Ahmad Vahidi, 68, was formally confirmed as commander of the Revolutionary Guard after serving as acting chief following the death of his predecessor alongside the elder Khamenei. Gen. Ali Ozmaei was confirmed as acting commander of the Guard’s naval forces, while Gen. Ali Abdollahi retained his position as military chief of staff. Bruchmann noted that Rezaei had commanded Vahidi for years, describing the appointments as an effort to reinforce unity within the leadership. “It looks like internal cohesion, with hard-core figures being brought into the inner circle,” he said. Economic pressure fuels calls for restraintHomayoun Falakshahi, Kpler’s leading oil analyst, said the appointments of Rezaei and Vahidi indicated growing influence for officials favoring a tougher approach. However, he said a further escalation was not unavoidable. Iran could struggle to restore deterrence through military action without provoking a response that would leave the country in an even weaker position. A ceasefire agreed in June quickly unraveled as Iran, the US and Israel exchanged strikes. Tehran has demanded the release of billions of dollars in frozen assets under the agreement and has also sought formal control over the Strait of Hormuz. President Masoud Pezeshkian remains among the most prominent officials advocating negotiations. His supporters warn that continuing the conflict could worsen Iran’s already fragile economy. “It would be better to end the war,” Pezeshkian said last week, arguing that Iran had demonstrated its strength and gained international recognition while the United States had become widely disliked. He has also defended the June ceasefire agreement against hard-line critics who say Tehran made excessive concessions. Rezaei, unlike some ultra-hard-liners who reject negotiations outright, has left the door open to a potential agreement if Washington changes course. On Monday, he told Pakistani mediator Gen. Asim Munir that the United States should alter its approach and take concrete steps to fulfill the ceasefire conditions. Tehran-based political analyst Ahmad Zeidabadi said the country’s leadership faces “serious differences” over its future direction. Writing in the pro-Pezeshkian newspaper Hammihan, Zeidabadi said hard-liners oppose restoring normal relations with Washington because their political survival is tied to continued confrontation and hostility. Basij appointment highlights concern over protestsThere have so far been no indications of a fresh protest movement, even as rising economic pressures make basic necessities increasingly difficult for many Iranians to afford. Taeb’s appointment to lead the Basij indicates that the leadership wants to deal with possible unrest before it develops, Bruchmann said. Taeb, 63, previously headed the Basij during the suppression of large demonstrations following hard-line President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s disputed reelection in 2009. Dozens of people were killed during the unrest. He later became chief of the Revolutionary Guard’s intelligence organization, holding the post for nearly 13 years before being removed in 2022 amid a reported shake-up following Israeli intelligence successes inside Iran. The Basij operates a nationwide volunteer network with a presence in streets, government institutions and cultural centers. Its role includes promoting loyalty to Iran’s theocratic system and monitoring ideological conformity. In the decree appointing Taeb, Khamenei instructed him to expand the Basij’s involvement in Iranian society, make greater use of technology and promote the force internationally in opposition to what he described as “Zionist-American arrogance.” That wording could indicate an effort to expand the Basij’s connections with Iranian-backed groups abroad. The force increased its presence during the war, while hard-line supporters organized nightly rallies in Tehran and other cities to demonstrate loyalty to the government and discourage dissent. It remains unclear how Taeb intends to expand the Basij’s role. But in a recent speech, he appeared to advocate greater influence over Iranian society. He said US economic pressure was designed to divide the country and argued that stronger community ties centered around mosques could help preserve national unity. “If the mosque becomes the center of the neighborhood, the nation will protect its unity,” he said, describing that unity as a stronger deterrent than any missile.

Asian stock markets were mixed Tuesday, while oil prices remained largely steady as investors watched for major economic developments later this week. Regional markets moved within a narrow range, while US stock futures were little changed. Oil prices were also broadly stable after US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced new sanctions against Iran and warned that countries continuing to do business with Tehran could face penalties. Japan's Nikkei 225 rose 0.4% to 65,811.19, while South Korea's Kospi fell 0.4% to 6,675.88. Hong Kong's Hang Seng dropped 0.3% to 25,453.19 and the Shanghai Composite edged down 0.1% to 3,878.38. Australia's S&P/ASX 200 gained 0.6% to 9,158.70. Taiwan's Taiex slipped less than 0.1%, while India's Sensex declined 0.3%. Wall Street mixed US stocks ended mixed Monday as some pressure in the bond market eased. The S&P 500 fell 0.3%, moving further away from the record high it reached earlier this month. The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 0.3%, while the Nasdaq composite lost 0.8%. Technology stocks led the decline as investors remained concerned that the sharp rise in AI-related shares may have pushed valuations too high. There are also concerns that demand for AI chips could weaken if the technology fails to generate enough profits. Nvidia, one of the biggest winners of the AI boom, will release its quarterly earnings report Wednesday. The results could influence the next major move in AI-related stocks. Nvidia shares fell 2.9% Monday, making the chipmaker the biggest drag on the S&P 500. Micron Technology dropped 5.8% and Broadcom declined 2.6%. Bond market in focus The yield on the 10-year US Treasury note fell to 4.71% from 4.74% late Friday. The decline came after the US Treasury Department announced plans to increase the size of its Treasury buybacks, a move that helped ease some pressure on longer-term borrowing costs. However, analysts said the buybacks are relatively small and are unlikely to solve broader concerns over high US government debt and elevated oil prices. Higher Treasury yields can increase borrowing costs across the economy, including mortgage rates, putting additional pressure on the housing market. “The latest discussion about using Treasury General Account cash to help finance purchases of longer-dated bonds gave the market something to chew on Monday,” said Stephen Innes of SPI Asset Management. “But there is a difference between forcing the bond market to blink for an afternoon and solving the underlying problem,” he said. Fed chief's speech awaited Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Warsh is scheduled to speak Friday at the annual economic symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Investors will closely watch his comments for clues about inflation and the Federal Reserve's approach to monetary policy. Oil prices remain a major concern for markets because higher energy costs can push inflation higher. Brent crude, the international benchmark, has remained above the $72-a-barrel level recorded before the war with Iran began in late February. Early Tuesday, Brent crude was almost unchanged at $90.51 a barrel, while US benchmark crude rose less than 0.1% to $85.10 a barrel. Brent prices moved between $72 and $102 a barrel last month as hopes of a US-Iran deal rose and fell. Such an agreement could allow oil tankers to move freely out of the Persian Gulf. The latest US sanctions announced Monday also pushed Iran's currency, the rial, to a record low against the US dollar.