United News of Bangladesh

Samsung Electronics on Thursday reported a record operating profit of 89.5 trillion won ($62 billion) for the April-June quarter, as the South Korean technology giant and rival SK Hynix continue to benefit from surging global demand for chips used in artificial intelligence systems. The earnings came a day after SK Hynix, the world's second-largest memory chipmaker, also reported record quarterly revenue, highlighting how the global AI boom is boosting South Korea's semiconductor industry. However, shares of both companies have fallen sharply this week amid concerns about their huge planned investments to expand chip production and growing competition from China. Samsung's second-quarter operating profit was more than 19 times higher than a year earlier, with almost all of the earnings coming from its semiconductor business. The chip division benefited from higher prices, strong demand for AI servers and increased sales of advanced high-bandwidth memory (HBM) chips used in AI applications. These gains more than offset losses in Samsung's mobile devices, televisions and home appliances businesses, which were affected partly by higher component costs. Samsung's quarterly revenue also reached a record 171.5 trillion won ($119 billion). The company said it expects demand for memory chips to remain strong during the second half of the year, supported by continued investment in AI infrastructure and wider use of so-called agentic AI. Demand for chips used in data centers is also expected to grow further, potentially keeping supplies below market demand, Samsung said. SK Hynix reported record second-quarter revenue of 60.5 trillion won ($42 billion) on Wednesday. However, its profit fell short of market expectations, sending its shares down more than 9 percent. Samsung's shares have also declined this week. Kim Jaejune, an executive in Samsung's memory chip division, said the gap between chip supply and demand could widen further in 2027. He said Samsung plans to begin construction of its second semiconductor factory in Taylor, Texas, before the end of this year, with the facility expected to start operations by 2030. Kim said Samsung has secured long-term chip supply agreements with five major global data center customers, possibly referring to Amazon Web Services, Google, Meta, Oracle and Microsoft. The company is also in talks with other major technology firms as demand for AI infrastructure continues to rise. "Despite our efforts to increase production, demand growth is outpacing our efforts," Kim said during a conference call. Samsung and SK Hynix together account for about two-thirds of global memory chip production. Both companies are making major investments in new semiconductor factories and data centers as South Korea seeks to strengthen its position in the global AI industry. However, some analysts have raised concerns about whether such large-scale spending will generate sufficient returns. South Korean chipmakers are also facing pressure from concerns over stronger competition from China. Reports that a state-owned Chinese company has started mass-producing domestically developed immersion deep-ultraviolet lithography machines, which are important for advanced chip manufacturing, have added to investor concerns. The strong stock market debut of Chinese memory chipmaker ChangXin Memory Technologies has also increased worries about competition from China, analysts said. Last month, Samsung and SK Hynix announced plans to jointly invest 800 trillion won ($554 billion) in a new semiconductor hub in southwestern South Korea to take advantage of rapidly growing AI-related demand. The heads of Samsung, SK and South Korean automaker Hyundai joined President Lee Jae Myung during his trip to San Francisco last week, where they announced hundreds of billions of dollars in planned cooperation with major US technology companies. The agreements involve AI firms OpenAI and Anthropic, as well as chip designers Nvidia and Broadcom, and cover chip technology, data centers and other AI infrastructure. Kim Yong-beom, President Lee's chief policy adviser, said at a foreign media roundtable last week that the initiatives show how global technology companies are seeking long-term partnerships with South Korean chipmakers to secure reliable supplies of memory chips for AI systems. However, the sharp swings in the share prices of Samsung, SK Hynix and other global technology companies suggest that investors are increasingly looking beyond short-term earnings and focusing on whether such growth can be sustained over the long term, semiconductor analyst Son In-joon of Eugene Securities said in a report this week.

Google’s parent company, Alphabet Inc., reported better-than-expected second-quarter earnings, driven by strong growth in artificial intelligence (AI), digital advertising and cloud services. The California-based technology company said on Wednesday that it earned $112.11 billion, or $9.11 per share, during the April-June quarter, up sharply from $28.2 billion, or $2.31 per share, in the same period last year. Revenue increased 24 percent to $119.8 billion, compared with $96.43 billion a year earlier, exceeding Wall Street analysts’ average estimate of $117.06 billion, according to FactSet. Alphabet said its net income was boosted by a $98 billion gain, mainly from increases in the value of its equity investments, particularly SpaceX, which went public in June. “Our AI investments are redefining what’s possible across every part of our business,” Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai said in a statement. Industry analysts said the results highlight the company’s growing strength in AI. Emarketer analyst Nate Elliott said Google’s AI chatbot Gemini is close to reaching one billion users, joining AI Overviews and AI Mode as major AI products. He also said growing demand for AI services is driving rapid expansion in Google Cloud, while strong search advertising performance suggests AI is strengthening, rather than replacing, Google’s core search business. Advertising remained Alphabet’s biggest source of revenue, helped by strong demand linked to the FIFA World Cup, particularly on YouTube. The company also reported solid growth in its cloud business, supported by rising demand for its AI products and services, including chips, AI models, data, security and AI agent platforms. Following the earnings announcement, Alphabet shares rose $2.71 to $344.62 in after-hours trading.

OpenAI said Tuesday that one of its artificial intelligence systems independently hacked into another AI company's servers during internal testing, describing it as an "unprecedented cyber incident." OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said the company experienced a major security incident while evaluating its AI models. The disclosure follows a statement from AI startup Hugging Face last week, which said it had detected an unauthorized intrusion into its data processing systems. The company suspected the attack was carried out by an AI agent acting without human direction. Hugging Face co-founder and CEO Clément Delangue said the company initially believed the attack may have originated from a leading AI research lab because of the sophistication of the AI agent. "We suspected last week's cyberattack might have come from a frontier lab," Delangue said, adding that the investigation later confirmed it was linked to OpenAI. The incident comes as concerns grow over the cybersecurity risks posed by increasingly powerful AI systems. In June, President Donald Trump signed an executive order requiring the federal government to review the national security risks of the most advanced AI models for up to 30 days before they are released publicly. OpenAI said the incident highlighted how rapidly advancing AI capabilities are changing cybersecurity. "AI is accelerating the discovery and exploitation of vulnerabilities," the company said, adding that AI safety and security measures must advance just as quickly as the technology itself. Delangue said he had worked closely with OpenAI over the past 24 hours and that both companies believed there was no malicious intent behind the incident. He described the event as "mind-blowing" because it appeared to have happened entirely on its own and said it could be the first known case of its kind. According to OpenAI, the intrusion involved several of its AI models, including its newly released GPT-5.6 Sol and a more advanced model that is still undergoing internal testing. The company said the AI system used stolen login credentials and identified a previously unknown software vulnerability to gain access to Hugging Face's servers. OpenAI said the AI went to "extreme lengths" to achieve a limited testing objective and found ways to obtain confidential information that could help it bypass the evaluation process.

Asian stock markets mostly closed higher on Tuesday, with South Korea and Japan recovering some of the losses suffered in recent sessions due to heavy selling of artificial intelligence (AI)-related shares. U.S. stock futures moved slightly higher, while oil prices fell. South Korea's Kospi index rose 4.7% to 6,821.41 after dropping 4.5% a day earlier. Technology stocks led the recovery, with Samsung Electronics climbing 7.4% and memory chip maker SK Hynix gaining 6.4%. Despite a decline of more than 20% over the past month as investors locked in profits amid concerns over a possible AI investment bubble, the Kospi remains up more than 50% so far this year. Japan's Nikkei 225 gained 2.8% to 65,926.41 after reopening following Monday's public holiday, recovering part of last week's losses. Among major gainers, Kioxia Holdings surged 15.9%, chip testing equipment maker Advantest rose 6.9%, SoftBank Group advanced 6.1%, and Tokyo Electron added 1.3%. Taiwan's Taiex index climbed 3.6%, supported by a 2.8% rise in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC), the world's largest contract chipmaker. Elsewhere, Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index edged up less than 0.1% to 25,150.75, while China's Shanghai Composite Index rose 0.6% to 3,819.66. Australia's S&P/ASX 200 added 0.1%, while India's Sensex slipped 0.1%. Oil prices eased after Monday's gains. Brent crude, the global benchmark, fell 0.7% to $88.63 a barrel, while U.S. benchmark crude dropped 0.3% to $82.24 a barrel. Investors continued to watch developments in the Middle East after Iran reportedly attacked another tanker in the Strait of Hormuz, a vital route for global oil and gas shipments. The United States also launched fresh strikes on Iran for a tenth consecutive night, while Tehran continued retaliatory attacks targeting U.S. allies in the region. Iran's interior minister visited Pakistan, which has been acting as a mediator, for talks aimed at easing tensions, although no breakthrough has been announced. Analysts at ING said there were some signs of possible de-escalation between the United States and Iran, but warned that major differences remain. They also said attacks by Yemen's Iran-backed Houthi rebels on shipping linked to Saudi Arabia have increased concerns over global oil supplies. On Wall Street, the S&P 500 fell 0.2% on Monday, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 0.6%. The Nasdaq Composite slipped by less than 0.1%. Several major AI and semiconductor companies still posted gains. Nvidia rose 0.2%, Micron Technology gained 1.9%, Broadcom climbed 2%, and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) advanced 1.6% after expanding its AI partnership with Microsoft. In currency trading, the U.S. dollar was little changed at 162.48 Japanese yen, while the euro remained steady at $1.1414.

China's top technology companies displayed hundreds of advanced products, including humanoid robots and artificial intelligence systems, at the World AI Conference in Shanghai. The country's flagship annual AI event, held from July 17 to 20, came at a time of intensifying technology competition between China and the United States. More than 1,100 companies took part in the conference. According to Chinese state media, the country has developed more than 400 humanoid robot products, accounting for over half of the global total. Chinese open-source AI models are also gaining wider international use, posing increasing competition to leading AI models developed in the United States.

A joint declaration has been signed signed at the Global Nobel Laureates Assembly on Artificial Intelligence and Nuclear War, warning that artificial intelligence and nuclear weapons together pose an unprecedented danger to humanity's future. Professor Muhammad Yunus joined fellow Nobel Laureates, including Romano Prodi, Jody Williams, Maria Ressa, Denis Mukwege, and Juan Manuel Santos at the event, said a press release . The Assembly opened at Borgo Laudato Si', Castel Gandolfo, with a ceremony featuring an opening address from Professor Yunus, alongside welcome remarks from Cardinal Fabio Baggio, C.S., President of Borgo Laudato Si', an opening address from Cardinal Ángel Fernández Artime, S.D.B., Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, and introductory remarks from Cardinal Silvano Maria Tomasi, President Emeritus of the Domus Communis Foundation and President of the Global Nobel Laureates Assembly. On the second day of the Assembly, Professor Yunus took part in a high-level session on Artificial Intelligence, Democracy and the Economic Revolution: Toward a New World Order, where he delivered an address. He also held a series of bilateral meetings on the sidelines of the Assembly, including with Cardinal Mauro Gambetti, Archpriest of Saint Peter's Basilica and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter, and Dr Qu Dongyu, Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The three-day Assembly concluded on Thursday, with the signing of the declaration at Rome's Capitoline Hill. Titled "Humanity at the Threshold," the declaration draws a direct parallel between the dawn of the nuclear age and the current AI era, arguing that the world risks repeating the mistakes of the past by entering an AI arms race alongside a worsening nuclear one. The laureates warn that AI is eroding human judgement in nuclear command systems, fuelling cyber threats to critical infrastructure, and enabling information warfare that undermines the shared trust nations need for peace. Invoking Pope Leo XIV's call for an "unarmed and disarming peace," the signatories reject the idea that security can be built on fear or mutual destruction. They set out six principles. 1.Disarming the next arms race – urging restraint and cooperative governance to prevent AI and nuclear competition from shaping the coming century. 2.Responsible development – calling for transparency and accountability from AI developers, and an outright ban on unsupervised, fully automated recursive self-improvement in AI systems. 3.Responsible use – demanding an international treaty to keep AI out of nuclear launch decisions and to protect nuclear infrastructure from cyber interference. 4.Responsible governance – supporting the UN's Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and new international institutions to oversee AI development. 5.Responsible leadership – emphasising the role of young people and education in confronting these threats. 6.Nuclear disarmament – renewing calls for time-bound, verifiable elimination of nuclear weapons and reinforcing existing treaties, including the Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The declaration closes by invoking Bertrand Russell and Albert Einstein's appeal to "remember your humanity, and forget the rest," framing the moment as one on which the survival of future generations depends. Professor Daniel Holz, Chair of the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; Cardinal Peter Turkson, Chancellor of the Pontifical Academies of Sciences; Archbishop Renzo Pegoraro, President of the Pontifical Academy for Life; a wider gathering of Nobel Laureates; and actress Sharon Stone also joined.

Bangladesh stands at a defining moment to position itself as an AI-enabled economy by capitalising on its youthful workforce, expanding digital infrastructure and ongoing policy reforms, speakers said on Wednesday, stressing that strategic investments in skills, innovation and responsible artificial intelligence could accelerate sustainable economic growth and strengthen the country's global competitiveness. They, however, warned that the rapid rise of AI also presents significant challenges, including threats to intellectual property, data privacy, human creativity and critical thinking, calling for a balanced approach that embraces technological advancement while safeguarding human capability and ethical standards. Speakers said Bangladesh should prioritise developing AI talent, integrating AI into high-impact sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, education and industry, and transforming its ICT outsourcing sector into a knowledge-driven AI services industry capable of competing in global value chains. They also underscored the need for a national AI ecosystem built on research, innovation, digital infrastructure and international collaboration, saying countries that invest wisely in AI today will be better positioned to shape the future global economy. The remarks came at a discussion titled "AI Future for Bangladesh: Challenges and Prospects" held in the city's Baridhara diplomatic zone. President of Eelaia Foundation and honorary consul of Ireland in Bangladesh Masud Khan said that Bangladesh has a unique opportunity to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) as a strategic driver of sustainable economic growth, governance modernisation and regional leadership, said  Speaking at a discussion on AI, he said the country stands at a pivotal moment in its development journey following the student-led July Revolution of 2024, which has created new opportunities for inclusive governance, economic reform and technological advancement. With a young and growing population, a resilient industrial base and the government's commitment to digital transformation, Bangladesh is well-positioned to transition towards an AI-driven economy, he said.  

More than 200 economists and artificial intelligence (AI) experts have signed an open letter urging governments and institutions to take immediate steps to address the growing economic impact of AI, warning that the technology could transform the global economy while displacing large numbers of workers. The statement, released on Monday, has been signed by leading economists, computer scientists and executives from major technology companies, including Anthropic, Google and OpenAI. The letter, organised by Stanford University's Digital Economy Lab, says AI could become "radically more powerful" over the next decade, bringing economic changes on a scale greater than the Industrial Revolution but happening much more quickly. According to the signatories, AI has the potential to significantly improve living standards but also poses serious risks, including widespread job losses. The four-sentence letter calls on policymakers and institutions to act now by creating the right incentives, safeguards and institutions to ensure AI develops in ways that support people and benefit society rather than replace human workers. Stanford's Digital Economy Lab said the letter has so far been endorsed by more than 200 economists and AI researchers, including 16 Nobel Prize winners. Among the signatories is AI pioneer and computer scientist Yoshua Bengio, who said the rapid pace of AI development makes it highly likely that the technology will dramatically reshape economies. "We must make deliberate and democratic decisions about how AI is developed and used, instead of leaving its future entirely to market forces and risking that many people are left behind," said Bengio, a professor at the University of Montreal.

Apple has filed a lawsuit against OpenAI, accusing the ChatGPT maker of stealing confidential trade secrets while developing its own artificial intelligence hardware, marking a major escalation in tensions between the two companies. The lawsuit, filed Friday in a federal court in California, alleges that OpenAI encouraged Apple employees it was recruiting to share confidential company information and even advised them on how to avoid attracting attention when leaving Apple. "This case is about Apple's former employees stealing Apple's trade secrets for the benefit of OpenAI," Apple said in the court filing, adding that it filed the lawsuit to stop the alleged misuse of its proprietary information. The lawsuit also names two former Apple employees who now work at OpenAI. One of them is Tang Tan, who played a key role in designing the iPhone, Apple Watch and iPod before becoming OpenAI's chief hardware officer. The other is Chang Liu, who worked on Apple's product development before joining OpenAI earlier this year. OpenAI said it is reviewing the lawsuit. Company spokesperson Drew Pusateri said OpenAI has "no interest in other companies' trade secrets" and remains focused on developing technology that benefits users. Apple claims OpenAI's hardware project relies partly on confidential information taken from the company. Although OpenAI has not revealed details of the device it is developing, it has said the goal is to create a new way for people to interact with artificial intelligence beyond traditional computers and smartphones. According to the lawsuit, Apple launched an internal investigation after suspecting that confidential information had been compromised and found what it described as a pattern of trade secret theft involving former employees who later joined OpenAI. The complaint alleges that Liu accessed and downloaded confidential hardware-related files on an Apple-issued device after leaving the company. It also claims Tan encouraged Apple employees interviewing for jobs at OpenAI to bring actual Apple hardware components to interviews. Apple said it raised its concerns with OpenAI in February but did not receive a response. An Apple spokesperson said the company would continue to protect its employees' work and innovations through appropriate legal action. The lawsuit comes as relations between the two companies have shifted from partnership to growing competition. Apple partnered with OpenAI in 2024 to integrate ChatGPT into the iPhone, allowing users to access AI-powered responses when Siri could not answer their questions. Since then, OpenAI has expanded its hardware ambitions by hiring former Apple designer Jony Ive to lead the development of an AI-powered device that industry analysts believe could eventually compete with Apple's products. Last year, OpenAI announced a confidential hardware collaboration with Ive and acquired io Products, a company co-founded by Ive, Tang Tan and others, in a deal valued at nearly $6.5 billion. Apple's lawsuit also names io Products as a defendant. The legal battle comes as OpenAI considers a future public stock market listing while facing growing competition in the AI sector from companies including Anthropic and Google. Despite scaling back some business projects earlier this year to focus on ChatGPT, OpenAI has continued developing its consumer hardware. Chief Financial Officer Sarah Friar told The Associated Press in April that the company expects to introduce its first consumer hardware product later this year.

Current artificial intelligence systems such as ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini are powerful tools for writing, coding and solving maths problems, but leading AI researchers say they still fall far short of understanding the real world. One of them is Yann LeCun, a pioneer in artificial intelligence and former chief AI scientist at Meta, who argues that today's AI cannot match even the basic understanding of a rat when it comes to interacting with the physical world. "We don't have robots that are nearly as good at understanding the physical world as a rat," LeCun said during the VivaTech technology conference in Paris. After leaving Meta in 2025, LeCun founded Advanced Machine Intelligence Labs (AMI Labs) with the aim of developing a new generation of AI capable of handling real-world situations, such as household chores and robotics. According to LeCun, large language models (LLMs), the technology behind ChatGPT and similar chatbots, are excellent at tasks such as writing text, coding and solving mathematical problems because these tasks are well-defined. However, he believes they are not designed to understand how the real world works. "They basically accumulate knowledge and reproduce it, but they are not particularly smart because they don't have a true understanding," he said. LeCun argues that current AI models rely on statistical patterns rather than reasoning about physical reality. As an example, he said if a pen is balanced upright and released, even a young child knows it will fall over. However, no one can predict exactly which direction it will fall because the outcome depends on many unpredictable factors. An LLM may attempt to predict one specific outcome based on its training data, but such a prediction would likely be wrong because it lacks a real understanding of the physical world. To address this limitation, AMI Labs is developing a new AI system called Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture (JEPA). Instead of trying to predict every possible detail, JEPA creates simplified representations of the real world, allowing AI to focus only on the information that matters. In the pen example, the system would recognise that predicting the exact direction of the fall is unnecessary. The approach has attracted strong investor interest. Earlier this year, AMI Labs raised more than $1 billion in seed funding, one of Europe's largest early-stage investment rounds. Investors include US chipmaker Nvidia and the investment fund managing Amazon founder Jeff Bezos' private wealth. Researchers say building AI that understands the physical world has become increasingly important as companies invest billions of dollars in humanoid robots. Although robots have become more capable, teaching them to safely perform everyday household tasks such as ironing clothes or loading dishwashers remains difficult and expensive. LeCun believes current language models are unlikely to solve that problem. "LLMs are largely hopeless for robotics," he said, rejecting claims that simply making today's AI models larger will eventually produce superhuman intelligence. His views are shared by many AI researchers. Ingmar Posner, Professor of Applied Artificial Intelligence at the University of Oxford and director of its Applied AI Lab, believes future AI systems must be able to explain their decisions and understand cause-and-effect relationships. "You need models that can answer questions like: What matters? What causes what? What would happen if I took a different action?" Posner said. Posner and his research team have spent the past four years developing an alternative approach known as World Models. The concept has existed for decades but gained renewed attention after a 2018 research paper by David Ha and Jurgen Schmidhuber suggested AI could learn by building internal simulations of the world. Since then, companies including Google DeepMind have expanded research in this area. One version of Google's Dreamer World Model learned to collect diamonds in the video game Minecraft by imagining possible future scenarios before making decisions. Posner's team is developing what he calls a "mechanistic world model," designed to organise knowledge so AI can efficiently recall, combine and update information when needed. However, he cautioned that predicting when these new systems will become practical is difficult. He noted that only a few years before ChatGPT was launched in late 2022, many researchers believed similar technology was still decades away. Several major AI companies are now investing in world-model research. Google DeepMind is developing its Genie model, London-based Wayve has built a system called Gaia, while AI pioneer Fei-Fei Li founded World Labs in San Francisco in 2023 to develop another new AI architecture. LeCun said AMI Labs plans to continue refining its AI system throughout this year and hopes to deploy it first in industrial applications next year. If successful, he believes the technology could eventually evolve into general-purpose AI systems capable of handling a wide variety of real-world tasks with minimal additional training. Despite concerns about increasingly capable robots, LeCun believes humans will continue to play the central role. "We're still going to need humans to figure out what questions to ask, what to build and what to create," he said. He expects future AI systems, even those that may surpass humans in some abilities, to function as assistants rather than replacements. "Our interaction with future AI systems, even if they are smarter than us, will be like the relationship between a business leader or political leader and a team of highly capable assistants," he said. Source: BBC