When it comes to investments, bonds offer some of the best-secured opportunities out there. As a part of investment facilities through bonds for non-resident Bangladeshis (NRBs), Bangladesh Bank offers US Dollar investment bonds (USDIB). Let's take a detailed look at who this is for, how to apply, and what are the benefits of the bond.  What is a US Dollar Investment Bond?  The US Dollar Investment Bond was first introduced in 2002 as a form of investment opportunity for the NRBs. The key goal was to maintain economic stability and increase foreign reserves by attracting dollar investments. It also provided a secure pathway for the NRBs to invest and gain from their foreign earnings. The rules for the USDIB were later updated in 2012 where the invested principal and the interest can be repatriated in dollar or taka as per the choice of the investor.  Read more: How to Invest in Bonds: A Comprehensive Guide Who is Eligible for USDIB?  The government of Bangladesh outlined the eligibility criteria for USDIB investment as follows:  Any NRB living and working abroad earning in foreign currency.Foreign nationals of Bangladeshi origin living abroad and earning in foreign currency. Government and semi-government employees working abroad and earning in foreign currency. This includes those working in Bangladeshi missions or international organizations. How to Buy USDIB?  The process of buying USDIB starts with opening a foreign currency account in any designated bank that operates USDIB under Bangladesh Bank. Note that the F.C. account is different from the Non-Resident Investor’s Taka Account (NITA) as the investment currency can only be US dollars in this case.  Step 1: Opening a Foreign Currency Account  Almost all the leading commercial banks (both national and private) offer USDIB under their NRB banking services. To open a foreign currency account, an NRB would require the following documents.  - Prescribed Account Opening Form - Two passport-size photographs of each of the account holder and the nominee - Authorized specimen signature card (attested by the Bangladesh Embassy in the residing country) - Proof of employment - Copy of passport (attested by the Bangladesh Embassy in the residing country)  An NRB can easily open the F.C. account in any foreign branch of the available banks or use the mail-in service to open the account in Bangladesh.  Read more: Top 10 Strongest Currencies in the World as of May 2024 Step 2: Document Required for USDIB  The process of applying for USDIB differs from bank to bank. Generally, the following documents are required.  - Bangladesh Bank application form for USDIB (https://fid.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/fid.portal.gov.bd/forms/4085d5c1_fd59_4be6_921d_c2c491fce6dc/investment.pdf)- Application request to invest in USDIB in the respective bank - Personal declaration form - FATCA form (for NRBs residing in the USA)  Step 3: Applying for USDIB  Once you apply for USDIB, you will need to show equivalent funds in your foreign currency account associated with the bank. The money can be deposited in the F.C. account in one of the following ways:  - Cash foreign currency deposited at an NRB branch of the bank- Traveler cheques - Regular cheques or drafts - Money order receipt - Electronic fund transfer - Once the bank completes the due diligence, it will issue bond scrips against the desired amount of bonds to be purchased.  Read more: How to Buy Bangladesh Government Treasury Bond: Everything You Need to Know

Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) is going to bear the brunt after recent enhancement of US Dollar rate as it will have to spend an additional amount of over Tk 7,300 crore to purchase electricity from the private sector. According to official sources, the BPDB's annual spending was roughly calculated as Tk 104,000 crore for purchasing electricity from the independent power producers (IPPs) for the fiscal year 2023-24. The total expense will now go up to about Tk 1,11,300 crore, according to officials familiar with the estimate this week. But after the increase in the rate of USD by the central bank through the introduction of a crawling peg system, the BPDB has been a great victim of such a decision. The Bangladesh Bank on May 8 unveiled the crawling peg exchange rate system and allowed banks to buy and sell US dollars freely near Tk117, as well as letting go of its regulatory power of the Smart rate, and hiking the repo rate. 360 MW Haripur unlikely to get extension despite low cost electricity: Sources Under this system, a crawling peg mid rate (CPMR) has been set at Tk117 per US dollar with immediate effect. Scheduled banks may purchase and sell US dollars freely around the CPMR with their customers and in interbank deals, the notice also said. A crawling peg system is a method of exchange rate adjustments that allows a currency with a fixed exchange rate to fluctuate within a band of rates. It is a hybrid of fixed and floating exchange rate systems. "The payment mode of the power purchase agreements (PPAs) with the IPPS is in USD. So, we have to incur a huge financial loss when the USD rate goes up", a top official of the BPDB told UNB. As the issue is very sensitive, preferring anonymity, he said the BPDB's loss will be enormous this year as the dollar rate went up in one go by Tk 7 to Tk 117 from the Tk 110. He said the extra burden of paying Tk 7,300 crore will complicate the situation when the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has been insisting on reducing government's loss in buying electricity from the private sector. Differing reserve figures stirring market instability and consumer price hikes He noted that The BPDB has to spend over Tk 12 in each unit of power generation while its average selling rate is about Tk 8.95 with incurring over Tk 3 per unit. "The IMF has repeatedly been putting pressure on the BPDB to raise the electricity tariff to reduce the financial loss. Now, after enhancement of the USD rate, the financial loss will be tough to manage", said another official of the BPDB. He, however, said despite the pressure from the international lending agency, the BPDB has not taken any decision to raise the tariff shortly. Power and energy sector likely to get Tk 804 billion allocation in next two fiscal years "The Power Division and the BPDB have been making their own calculations about the impact of the USD rate enhancement. The final decision will come from the government if any decision is taken politically to raise the power tariff", added. The BPDB annual report reveals that as the single buyer in the power sector, the organisation's operating expense was Tk 93,797.37 in the fiscal year 2023-24.

From ancient barter systems to today's sophisticated economies, currency remains the universally accepted medium of exchange. Over centuries, currency has evolved into fiat money, raising questions about how national currencies are valued and which are the strongest globally. Let's explore the ten most valuable currencies as of May 2024. What is Currency Strength?  The strength of a currency is determined by the purchasing power of the said currency relative to other currencies.  The strength of a currency is calculated through a benchmark (typically USD). For example, if the value of BDT decreases relative to USD, it means that the purchasing power of BDT will fall resulting in depreciation. On the contrary, an increase suggests greater purchasing power and currency appreciation.  Read more: Bangladesh's foreign exchange reserves fall below 20 bln USD How are Currencies Valued?  The value of a currency is determined in the forex market. The price of one currency in terms of another is called the exchange rate. Exchange rates are determined by supply and demand forces in the market. But beyond the concept of supply and demand, other factors like economic growth and stability, central bank policies, global trade flows, and market speculation play a huge role in determining the value of a currency. Historically, the USD enjoyed a strong valuation due to a positive combination of the above factors. Today the USD is the primary reserve currency of the world as many central banks and international institutions hold significant reserves of US dollars for international trade and investment purposes. The  Triennial Central Bank Survey conducted by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) found that the USD was one side of 88% of all forex transactions between 2019 to 2022.  Read more: Explainer: What it means to let taka float Top 10 Most Valuable Currencies in the World As Of May 2024  Kuwaiti Dinar (KWD)  The Kuwaiti Dinar is the strongest currency in the world with 1 KWD buying 3.26 USD. The KWD is a relatively new currency introduced in the 1960s.  The currency was initially pegged with the British Pound but later re-pegged to an undisclosed basket predominantly focusing on the USD. Like most Middle Eastern countries, the KWD draws its strength from global oil exports.  Bahraini Dinar (BHD)  Bahraini Dinar comes in second with 1 BHD buying 2.66 USD. The BHD was founded in 1965 and has since been pegged to the USD.  Bahrain, being a small island nation in the Persian Gulf draws much of its currency strength from the large oil and gas exports. Additionally, the country has diversified its economic interests to include financial services, tourism, manufacturing, and logistics. The sound monetary policy, strong reserve, and a stable political environment also play into BHD’s strength.  Read more: Bangladesh Bank introduces Crawling Peg System; dollar rate set at Tk 117 with immediate effect Omani Rial (OMR)  The Omani Rial is the third strongest currency in the world. 1 Omani Rial can be bought for 2.60 USD. The OMR was founded in 1970 and has since been pegged with the USD.  The geographic position of Oman as a Gulf nation has endowed it with massive oil and gas reserves. In addition to the oil and gas exports, the Omani Central Bank has been prudent in formulating fiscal policies. The political stability and FDI inflow combined with a short supply of OMR have been key determinants for its strong position.  Jordanian Dinar (JOD)  Moving away from oil-rich economies, the Jordanian Dinar holds the fourth place among the strongest currencies in the world. 1 Jordanian Dinar is equivalent to 1.41 USD.  Jordan has historically been a politically stable country even though it is positioned in a geographically tense territory. The currency, since its foundation in the 1950s, has been pegged to the USD. The country undertook reform measures to liberalize trade, streamline regulations, and enhance the business environment. Besides, a strong foreign aid and remittance environment also aided JODs strength.  Read more: BB introduces US dollar and currency (Taka) swap for commercial banks British Pound (GBP)  With over 600 years of history, the British Pound is one of the oldest and strongest currencies in the world. 1 GBP currently buys 1.26 USD. The British Pound is not pegged to any other currency.  Throughout much of the 19th and middle of the 20th century, the GBP was the primary reserve currency of the world. To this day, the GBP takes a minor position right after the USD. Historically, the UK had a strong GDP growth rate with the Bank of England strongly regulating the monetary policies. The high trade balance and foreign investment inflow have worked in favor of the GBP’s position. 

During a recent trip to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Salman Fazlur Rahman, Prime Minister’s Advisor on Private Industry and Investment, sought extended credit terms to alleviate Bangladesh's pressing dollar crisis. This request was made to facilitate longer payment periods for fuel imports from Saudi Arabia, a critical concern given the current financial constraints. In a press briefing held on Tuesday (February 06, 2024) at the Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (BIDA) building upon his return, Rahman shared insights from his three-day visit. “Currently, we have a 45-day window to settle payments for fuel imports from Saudi Arabia. Given the dollar scarcity, extending this to a year would greatly benefit us. The Saudi officials have agreed to consider this proposal,” Rahman disclosed. Rahman represented Bangladesh at the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition (IMCTC) meeting, emphasizing Bangladesh’s firm stance against terrorism and the misuse of Islam to justify such acts. “Terror has no religion, and by fostering cooperation among Islamic nations through the IMCTC, we aim to combat the defamation of Islam by terrorism,” he stated. Read: President urges KSA to invest more in Bangladesh The advisor highlighted the unanimous condemnation of the ongoing crises in Gaza by meeting participants, alongside a collective call for resolution. The plight of the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh was also addressed, with a commitment to seek solutions. On the economic front, Rahman revealed Saudi investors’ interest in establishing a special economic zone in Bangladesh. “We are keen to allocate an economic zone to Saudi Arabia within Bangladesh. Their investment minister has shown enthusiasm for this project,” Rahman noted. Additionally, plans are underway to bolster Bangladesh’s agricultural sector through the joint establishment of a urea fertilizer plant in Saudi Arabia. “This collaboration aims to ensure a steady supply of fertilizers, enhancing our agricultural output. The proposal has been warmly received, with a feasibility study due to conclude by March,” he explained, highlighting the opportunity for private sector involvement alongside government-to-government initiatives. Read more: KSA's Majlish E Shura Council President Abdullah arrives in Dhaka

Members of Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) on Saturday (November 11, 2023) seized 32,200 US dollars equivalent to around  Tk 39.84 lakh from Buripota bordering area in Meherpur district. Tipped off, a team of BGB -6 Battalion from Chuadanga conducted a drive near pillar no 116/4-s and seized the US dollars wrapped in black polythene in an abandoned condition at 10:30 am, Commanding officer of BGB-6 Lieutenant Colonel Syed Mohammad Zahidur Rahman said while briefing reporters. Read: Miscreants break two legs of Jamaat leader No one was arrested in this connection. A case was filed with Sadar Police Station in Meherpur. The seized money will be deposited to the treasurer office of Meherpur district. Read: 3 die in separate accidents in Dinajpur 

Bangladesh has now requested the International Monetary Fund to lower the requirement of foreign exchange reserves at $20 billion as a condition of releasing the second installment of the $4.7 billion loans, an official of Bangladesh Bank confirmed this on Monday (October 16, 2023). The request was made to the visiting IMF delegation that reviewed with the officials the progress in meeting its conditions. Read: Myanmar ambassador meets with FBCCI, keen to start direct flight Despite different measures taken by including cutting unnecessary and luxury goods imports, in the last three months, gross reserves declined by $2.58 billion. Two main sources of foreign exchange earnings –inward remittances flow saw a record decline to $1.34 billion in September and export earnings failed to achieve the target. Considering the situation the central bank proposed to the IMF mission led by Rahul Anand to revise the reserves down to $20 billion. Under the terms of the $4.7 billion IMF loan, the actual reserves were supposed to be maintained at $24.46 billion last June and $25.30 billion in September. At the end of December, Bangladesh must maintain at least $26.81 billion in net reserves. Read: PGCB, GIZ set up lab to advance country’s clean energy transition  The net forex reserves are now less than $18 billion, according to the calculations of Dr Zahid Hussain, a former lead economist of the World Bank's Dhaka office. However, the IMF also suggested that BB fix the exchange rate of US dollars on competitive market price, which is now being set by the Bangladesh Foreign Exchange Dealers’ Association (BAFEDA) in the concentration of the BB. The central bank earlier relaxed the exchange rate of the US dollar gradually and now the official exchange rate is Tk112 per dollar. Economist Dr Ahsan H Mansur said that Bangladesh has to maintain strict monitoring of trade-based money laundering along with cutting unnecessary imports to check the downslide. Read: IMF lowers growth forecast for current fiscal to 6 percent

The growing backlog in payment obligation is emerging as a major problem in Bangladesh's power sector that may impede the growth of the sector. According to official sources, the payment mode in Bangladesh Government's power purchase agreement (PPA) with the private sector has mainly been made in foreign currency, specially, the US dollar. As per the existing arrangement, as a single payer the state-owned Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) pays to the private power producers in local currency against its purchase of electricity. Under the PPA, the private power producers are allowed to convert the payments into US dollars to meet their different kinds of payment obligations like bank loan, fuel and machinery imports and also paying foreign staff salaries. If the investors are foreign companies, they can repatriate their profits in US dollars, said the officials of the BPDB. They also noted that the BPDB always remains in constant contact with power producers, their banks and the central bank to smooth the foreign currency repatriation. But following the dollar crisis in the country, official sources said in recent months, both the BPDB and the private power producers have been experiencing severe problems in getting dollars from their banks and also from the Bangladesh Bank. Official sources said the BPDB has been struggling to keep up with its payments owed to the private power producers for more than a year. Officials at the Power Division and BPDB said currently the total owed to the Independent Power Producers (IPPs) is $3.5 billion (equivalent to over Tk 35,000 crore) as of September 2023. Read: Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant to receive fresh batch of uranium from Russia’s Rosatom at ‘Graduation Ceremony’ tomorrow As per contract with the government, the IPPs are facing dual problems with their bills. First, they are not getting bills on time and secondly, they are getting partial bills, but not being able to convert the payment into foreign exchange due to the dollar crisis. A top BPDB official admitted the problem to UNB, saying that they had reached an understanding with Bangladesh Bank under a mediation of the Finance Ministry that the central bank will provide on average $20 million every day to BPDB to cover its costs. “But we’re not getting more than $10-15 million a day,” a top BPDB official told UNB on condition of anonymity as the issue is very sensitive and he is not allowed to speak on the issue. He also said that if measures are not taken to contain the growing dues in the power sector it will further aggravate the problem. Read: Japan provides $1500 million to implement Matarbari coal-fired power plant Admitting about the payment backlog, Imran Karim, former president of Bangladesh Independent power Producers Association (BIPPA), said the government should take necessary measures to clear the dues in the power sector. "Otherwise, it will accumulate the dues and create a major problem in the sector", he told UNB. Energy experts said the country is heading for problems in the power sector and it would have a big impact on the overall economy pushing up inflation further. Eminent energy expert and advisor to the Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB) Prof M Shamsul Alam said the government has been put in such a major problem because of its wrong planning in the power sector. He said that as a result of the wrong planning, the country is witnessing 50 percent surplus power in summer and 70 percent in winter, for which it is heading towards a disastrous situation. “There will be a big indiscipline in the power sector as pressure for private sector’s capacity payment will continue to go up while import of primary fuel will be increasing. Finally, it will lead to energy insecurity,” he told UNB. Read more: Cabinet purchase body approves proposals including 3 solar power plants in private sector

Bangladesh Bank has introduced a US dollar booking policy for maximum 1 year, at a higher rate, to meet future requirements. According to the new rules, after one year, the bank will be able to charge a maximum of 5 percent more than the current dollar price with a 'SMART' rate. The central bank issued a circular in this regard on Sunday. Despite Bangladesh Bank Governor’s decision to not raise exchange rate before election, dollar rate hiked again Under the new rules, dollars can be kept with bookings for up to one year. For this, the buyer has to pay extra. It will be determined by the method with which loan interest rate is determined now. Currently, the dollar price for import is fixed at Tk 110.5. If anyone wants to book a dollar for future, he/she will have to pay Tk 123 per dollar after one year.  Selling dollars at higher prices: What is Bangladesh Bank’s action against treasury heads of 10 banks?

Bangladesh Bank decided not to bring major changes in the US dollar exchange rate before the upcoming national election. The central bank’s Governor Abdur Rouf Talukder informed of this decision at a meeting with managing directors and CEOs of banks recently. At that meeting, the governor said that Bangladesh Bank will not make any policy changes regarding the dollar market or the foreign currency market before the national election. Despite this decision, the dollar rate has been raised by Tk .50 or 50 paisa in all cases. The price of the dollar has increased to Tk 110 in case of export and expatriates’ income, and to Tk 110.50 in case of import. Read: Selling dollars at higher prices: What is Bangladesh Bank’s action against treasury heads of 10 banks?The dollar rate was hiked again yesterday, which is effective from today. The dollar crisis in the country has become evident since March 2023, following the downturn caused by the Russia-Ukraine war. To deal with this crisis, Bangladesh Bank fixed the dollar price at the beginning. This worsened the crisis. Later, last September, Bangladesh Bank withdrew from determining the price of the dollar. Read: Bangladesh Bank seeks explanations from 13 banks for selling dollars at higher prices This responsibility has been given to the Association of Bankers, Bangladesh (ABB) and Bangladesh Foreign Exchange Dealers’ Association (BAFEDA). Since then the two organizations have been jointly setting the dollar price for export, remittance earnings, and payment of import liabilities. Read more: Dollar goes off kerb market after central bank-led raids of money exchanges

The Bangladesh Bank (BB) has sought an explanation from 13 banks for selling US dollars at high prices. The summoned banks belong to the private sector, including a Shariah-based Islami Bank. The central bank confirmed the information on Monday (September 04, 2023). The letter was sent to different banks on Sunday (September 3) and the banks have been asked to provide an explanation in this regard within the next five working days. Also read: Dollar goes off kerb market after central bank-led raids of money exchanges The bank’s Executive Director and Spokesperson Md. Mesbaul Hoque told UNB that the trading licences of seven money changers have been suspended for selling dollars at higher prices. An explanation has been sought from 10 more money changers following similar complaints. In addition, banks are also being monitored. Punitive action will be taken if concrete evidence is found, he said. In August, the maximum import price of Tk109.5 was set, but some banks sold dollars up to Tk117, and bought it at Tk116. Also read: Bangladesh Bank working to normalise inflation and dollar crisis despite geopolitical challenges Dollar transactions are inspected by Bangladesh Bank's Financial Integrity and Customer Service and Foreign Exchange Inspection Departments. Recently, the central bank sent for inspection due to the increase in the price of the dollar. After collecting the information, the issues of dollar sales are being verified. In 2021, the central bank ordered to spend Tk 500 crore on the CSR sector from the profits of 12 banks due to excess profit. There were two foreign-owned banks and 10 private sector banks on that list. The dollar crisis in the country has become evident since March last year after the start of the Russia-Ukraine war. To deal with this crisis, the central bank fixed the dollar price at the beginning, but the crisis continued. Also read: Bangladesh Bank introduces 'market-based' dollar exchange rate with rate cap