A new wave of allergy treatments is giving hope to millions suffering from hay fever, with immunotherapy showing promise not just in relieving symptoms but in potentially “training” the body to resist seasonal allergies.

Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, affects over 400 million people worldwide and can lead to chronic respiratory issues, ear infections, and even asthma. Experts say the condition is often underestimated, with many patients only receiving temporary symptom relief rather than preventative care.

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), delivered through sublingual tablets or injections, gradually desensitises the immune system to specific allergens such as grass, ragweed, or dust mites. Daily sublingual tablets started 8–16 weeks before allergy season and continued for three years can significantly reduce symptoms and may prevent the development of asthma in children. Clinical trials show long-term benefits lasting years after treatment ends.

For patients who cannot undergo immunotherapy or have severe asthma, biologics offer an alternative, targeting the immune system to reduce inflammation, though they are costly and do not provide lasting remission.

Other strategies to manage hay fever include using nasal sprays with both antihistamine and corticosteroid, taking second-generation oral antihistamines, and reducing exposure to pollen through measures such as keeping windows closed, using air purifiers, wearing masks outdoors, and showering before sleep.

Experts emphasise that hay fever should not be trivialised. Effective, safe, and increasingly accessible treatments are available, and early intervention can greatly improve patients’ quality of life.

With inputs from BBC