United News of Bangladesh

For the second consecutive day, China on Tuesday carried out joint live-fire military exercises around Taiwan, deploying air, naval, and missile forces in what Beijing described as a “strong warning” to pro-independence groups and what it called foreign interference. Taiwan responded by placing its military on heightened alert and accused China of being “the greatest threat to regional peace.” Taiwanese aviation officials said the drills disrupted air traffic, affecting more than 100,000 international passengers because of flight cancellations and rerouting. The exercises, named “Justice Mission 2025,” followed China’s anger over a potential record-breaking U.S. weapons sale to Taiwan and comments by Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi suggesting Japan’s military might become involved if China moved against the island. Beijing insists Taiwan is part of China and must eventually be unified. Although China’s military did not directly mention the United States or Japan in its initial statement, the foreign ministry accused Taiwan’s ruling party of pushing independence by relying on U.S. backing. On Tuesday, China’s state-run Xinhua News Agency quoted a government spokesperson saying such efforts were “destined to fail.” Zhang Xiaogang, a spokesperson for China’s Defense Ministry, urged other countries to abandon what he called the illusion of using Taiwan to restrain China and warned against challenging Beijing’s determination to protect its core interests. Taiwan’s Defense Ministry said it had launched rapid-response drills and placed forces on high readiness, stating that the Chinese Communist Party’s actions once again demonstrated its aggressive nature and role in destabilizing peace. U.S. President Donald Trump said he had not been informed ahead of time about the exercises but expressed little concern, noting that China has conducted naval drills in the region for decades. He emphasized his “strong relationship” with Chinese President Xi Jinping and said he did not believe Xi intended to attack Taiwan. Military pressure intensifiesChina regularly sends military aircraft and ships near Taiwan, and the scale and intensity of such operations have grown in recent years. Senior Col. Shi Yi, spokesperson for the People’s Liberation Army’s Eastern Theater Command, said the drills were taking place in the Taiwan Strait and in surrounding waters to the north, south, east, and west of the island. He said the exercises focused on combat readiness patrols, gaining overall control in joint operations, and simulating blockades of key ports. For the first time in a major drill, China openly stated that one objective was “full-spectrum deterrence beyond the island chain.” Shi described the operation as a necessary and legitimate measure to defend China’s sovereignty and national unity. China and Taiwan have been governed separately since 1949, when Communist forces won China’s civil war and Nationalist troops retreated to Taiwan. Although Taiwan has operated with its own government ever since, Beijing continues to claim it as Chinese territory. Testing military capabilitiesOn Monday, China deployed destroyers, frigates, fighter jets, bombers, drones, and long-range rocket systems in and around the Taiwan Strait. Live-fire drills targeted areas at sea, while training exercises tested coordination between air and naval forces and precision strike capabilities east of the strait. According to Hsieh Jih-sheng, Taiwan’s deputy chief of general staff for intelligence, by mid-afternoon Monday, 89 Chinese aircraft and drones were operating nearby, with 67 entering Taiwan’s monitored response zone. Taiwan also detected 14 Chinese naval vessels in the strait, four warships in the western Pacific, and 14 coast guard ships. Hsieh warned that the live-fire drills not only increased military pressure on Taiwan but also posed broader risks to neighboring countries and the international community. China notified aviation authorities that seven temporary danger zones would be established for rocket launches from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., restricting airspace access. Taiwan said more than 850 international flights and over 80 domestic flights were affected, disrupting travel for more than 106,000 passengers. Airlines announced widespread delays and cancellations, particularly on routes serving islands close to China. China’s military also released promotional images online featuring military aircraft, warships, and symbolic imagery, accompanied by messages warning that any foreign forces or separatists challenging China would be crushed. Broader political tensionsLast week, China imposed sanctions on 20 U.S. defense companies and 10 executives after Washington announced plans for arms sales to Taiwan exceeding $10 billion, pending congressional approval. Under long-standing U.S. law, Washington is required to help Taiwan maintain its defensive capabilities, an issue that continues to strain U.S.-China relations. The U.S. ended formal diplomatic ties with Taiwan in 1979 after recognizing Beijing. Taiwan’s presidential office spokesperson Karen Kuo said the drills threatened stability in the Taiwan Strait and the wider Indo-Pacific region, accusing China of violating international norms and using military intimidation. Taiwan’s Defense Ministry released footage showing its forces and weapons, including French-made Mirage 2000 fighter jets landing at an air base, as a show of readiness. The tensions come as Taiwan accelerates plans to build a multilayered air defense system known as the “Taiwan Shield” or “T-Dome” to counter growing military threats. The escalation followed comments by Taipei Mayor Chiang Wan-an, who said during a visit to Shanghai that he hoped the Taiwan Strait would be known for peace and prosperity rather than conflict.

The head of Iran's Central Bank resigned Monday as protests erupted in Tehran and several other cities after the country’s currency plummeted to a new record low against the U.S. dollar. The resignation of Mohammad Reza Farzin was reported by state TV, as hundreds of traders and shopkeepers rallied in Saadi Street in downtown Tehran as well as in the Shush neighborhood near Tehran's main Grand Bazaar. Merchants at the market played a crucial role in the 1979 Islamic Revolution that ousted the monarchy and brought Islamists to power. The official IRNA news agency confirmed protest gatherings. Witnesses reported similar rallies in other major cities including Isfahan in central Iran, Shiraz in the south and Mashhad in the northeast. In some places in Tehran, police fired tear gas to disperse protesters. Witnesses told The Associated Press that traders shut their shops and asked others to do the same. The semiofficial ILNA news agency said many businesses stopped trading even though some kept their shops open. On Sunday, protests were limited to two major mobile market in downtown Tehran, where the demonstrators chanted anti-government slogans. Iran's rial on Sunday plunged to 1.42 million to the dollar. On Monday, it traded at 1.38 million rials to the dollar. Reports about Farzin's possible resignation had been circulating over the past week. When he took office in 2022, the rial was trading at around 430,000 to the dollar. The rapid depreciation is compounding inflationary pressure, pushing up prices of food and other daily necessities and further straining household budgets, a trend that could worsen by a gasoline price change introduced in recent days. According to the state statistics center, inflation rate in December rose to 42.2% from the same period last year, and is 1.8% higher than in November. Foodstuff prices rose 72% and health and medical items were up 50% from December last year, according to the statistics center. Many critics see the rate a sign of an approaching hyperinflation. Reports in official Iranian media that the government plans to increase taxes in the Iranian new year that begins March 21 have caused more concern. Iran’s currency was trading at 32,000 rials to the dollar at the time of the 2015 nuclear accord that lifted international sanctions in exchange for tight controls on Iran’s nuclear program. That deal unraveled after U.S. President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew the United States from it in 2018. There is also uncertainty over the risk of renewed conflict following June’s 12-day war involving Iran and Israel. Many Iranians also fear the possibility of a broader confrontation that could draw in the United States, adding to market anxiety. In September, the United Nations reimposed nuclear-related sanctions on Iran through what diplomats described as the “snapback” mechanism. Those measures once again froze Iranian assets abroad, halted arms transactions with Tehran and imposed penalties tied to Iran’s ballistic missile program.  

President Donald Trump is set to hold talks with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Monday in Florida, as Washington seeks to inject new momentum into a US-brokered Gaza ceasefire that risks stalling ahead of a complex second phase. The meeting at Trump’s Mar-a-Lago estate comes as the ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, strongly backed by Trump, has largely held but has recently slowed amid mutual accusations of violations and growing disagreements over the next steps. Trump is expected to use his close relationship with Netanyahu to push for faster progress, amid criticism that the Israeli leader has not moved decisively enough to advance the process. The truce’s first phase began in October, days after the second anniversary of the Hamas-led attack on Israel that killed about 1,200 people. Nearly all of the 251 hostages taken during that attack have since been released, either alive or dead. Attention is now turning to the far more challenging second phase, outlined in Trump’s 20-point peace plan that has been approved by the UN Security Council. The plan envisions ending Hamas’ rule in Gaza and includes rebuilding the territory under international supervision. The two leaders are also expected to discuss other regional issues, including Iran. Trump has continued to insist that Iran’s nuclear capabilities were “completely and fully obliterated” following US strikes in June. Analysts say significant gaps remain. Mona Yacoubian of the Center for Strategic and International Studies said many elements of the second phase are opposed by Netanyahu, making agreement difficult. “How he does that, what kind of pressure he puts on Netanyahu, I think, is going to be important to watch for,” she said, adding that the talks could reveal broader differences in their regional approaches. US mediation efforts have continued in parallel. Recently, US Middle East envoy Steve Witkoff and Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner met in Florida with officials from Egypt, Qatar and Turkey, which have been key mediators. According to officials briefed on those discussions, progress has been hampered by Israeli delays in approving members of a proposed Palestinian technocratic committee to administer Gaza and by continued Israeli military strikes. A central but unresolved element is the proposed International Stabilization Force, a multinational body meant to oversee security and help disarm Hamas. Disagreements persist over its mandate, with some countries fearing it could effectively become an occupation force. Hamas has said it is open to discussing “freezing or storing” its weapons but maintains its right to armed resistance as long as Israel occupies Palestinian territory. US officials have floated possible incentives, including financial compensation, in exchange for weapons. Reconstruction of Gaza remains another major challenge. Arab states, including Egypt, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, are pressing for further Israeli withdrawal and a negotiated approach to disarmament before moving ahead with rebuilding efforts. The meeting between Trump and Netanyahu is being closely watched for signs of whether these obstacles can be overcome, or whether the fragile ceasefire will struggle to move beyond its initial phase.  

A clash between Islamic State militants and Turkish police in northwest Turkey on Monday left six militants and three police officers dead, Interior Minister Ali Yerlikaya said. The shootout took place in the Elmali district of Yalova province, south of Istanbul, when police raided a house where the militants were hiding. At least eight other police officers and a night guard were wounded in the operation. Special forces units from neighboring Bursa province were sent to support the raid, the minister said. Yerlikaya said the Yalova operation was part of more than 100 simultaneous raids carried out against suspected IS members across 15 provinces in Turkey. He said the operation was conducted with “great care” as women and children were inside the house. Five women and six children were safely evacuated, he added, noting that all the militants involved were Turkish nationals. The operation began around 2 am local time and was officially concluded at 9:40 am, the minister said. The Yalova Chief Public Prosecutor’s Office has launched an investigation, assigning five prosecutors to the case, Justice Minister Yilmaz Tunc said in a post on X. He said five people were taken into custody as part of the probe, without providing further details. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan expressed condolences for the slain police officers and vowed to continue the fight against extremist groups. “We will continue our fight against the blood-stained killers who threaten our nation’s peace and our state’s security, both within our borders and beyond, with determination and without compromise,” Erdogan said in a statement. As the confrontation spilled into surrounding streets, five schools in the area were closed for the day, local media reported. Authorities also cut off gas and electricity supplies as a precaution and restricted civilian access to the neighborhood. Last week, Turkish police detained 115 suspected IS militants in nationwide raids over alleged plans to carry out attacks during Christmas and New Year celebrations. IS has carried out several deadly attacks in Turkey in recent years, including a mass shooting at an Istanbul nightclub during New Year celebrations in 2017 that killed 39 people.

The United States has proposed security guarantees for Ukraine lasting 15 years as part of a draft peace plan, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said on Monday, while stressing that a longer commitment would be needed to deter Russia from future aggression. Zelenskyy said he would prefer US-backed guarantees for up to 50 years to prevent Moscow from attempting to seize Ukrainian territory again. US President Donald Trump hosted Zelenskyy at his Florida resort on Sunday and said Ukraine and Russia were “closer than ever before” to reaching a peace agreement, though he cautioned that the negotiations could still fail. Despite months of US-led talks, major sticking points remain unresolved, including the withdrawal of forces and the future of the Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, one of the largest in the world. “Without security guarantees, realistically, this war will not end,” Zelenskyy told reporters in voice messages sent in response to questions via WhatsApp. Ukraine has been at war with Russia since 2014, when Moscow illegally annexed Crimea and Russia-backed separatists launched an armed uprising in the eastern Donbas region. While details of the proposed guarantees have not been made public, Zelenskyy said they include mechanisms to monitor a peace deal and the “presence” of international partners. Russia, however, has repeatedly said it would not accept the deployment of NATO troops on Ukrainian territory. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on Monday that President Vladimir Putin and Trump were expected to speak soon, though there was no indication that Putin would hold talks with Zelenskyy. French President Emmanuel Macron said Ukraine’s allies would meet in Paris in early January to finalise each country’s concrete contributions to the security guarantees. Zelenskyy said Trump had indicated a willingness to consider extending US guarantees beyond 15 years. Any such guarantees would require approval from the US Congress and parliaments in other participating countries overseeing a settlement, he added. The Ukrainian president also said he wants the proposed 20-point peace plan to be approved through a national referendum. However, holding such a vote would require a ceasefire lasting at least 60 days, and Russia has shown no readiness to agree to a truce without a comprehensive settlement.  

An Interoceanic Train accident in southern Mexico has left at least 13 people dead and dozens injured, disrupting rail services along a key route linking the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. According to officials, the train derailed on Sunday while negotiating a curve near the town of Nizanda, as it was travelling between the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz. Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum said the Mexican Navy confirmed that 13 passengers were killed in the accident, while 98 others sustained injuries, five of them in critical condition. In a post on X, she said she had directed the navy secretary and the undersecretary for human rights at the Ministry of the Interior to visit the scene and provide direct support to the affected families. Oaxaca Governor Salomon Jara said in a separate message that multiple government agencies were deployed to the site to assist the injured and manage the emergency response. Officials noted that the train was carrying 241 passengers along with nine crew members at the time of the derailment. The Interoceanic Train service was launched in 2023 during the presidency of Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador. It forms part of a wider initiative to revive rail transport in southern Mexico and strengthen infrastructure across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the narrow land bridge between the Pacific and Atlantic regions. The Mexican government aims to develop the isthmus into a major international trade corridor by linking ports and railways connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Currently, the Interoceanic Train operates between the Pacific port of Salina Cruz and Coatzacoalcos, covering roughly 180 miles (290 kilometres).

Winter rain lashed the Gaza Strip over the weekend, flooding camps with ankle-deep puddles as Palestinians displaced by two years of war attempted to stay dry in tents frayed by months of use. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu traveled for an expected meeting on Monday with U.S. President Donald Trump in Florida about the second phase of the ceasefire. The first phase that took effect on Oct. 10 was meant to bring a surge in humanitarian aid for Gaza, including shelter. Netanyahu made no public statement as he departed. Nowhere to escape the rain In the southern city of Khan Younis, blankets were soaked and clay ovens meant for cooking were swamped. Children wearing flip-flops waded through puddles. Some people used shovels or tin cans to remove water from tents. Others clawed at the ground to pry collapsed shelters from the mud. "We drowned last night,” said Majdoleen Tarabein, displaced from Rafah in southern Gaza. “Puddles formed, and there was a bad smell. The tent flew away. We don’t know what to do or where to go.” She and family members tried to wring muddy blankets dry by hand. “When we woke up in the morning, we found that the water had entered the tent,” said Eman Abu Riziq, also displaced in Khan Younis. “These are the mattresses. They are all completely soaked.” She said her family is still reeling from her husband’s death less than two weeks ago. “Where are the mediators? We don’t want food. We don’t want anything. We are exhausted. We just want mattresses and covers,” said Fatima Abu Omar as she tried to prop up a collapsing shelter. At least 12 people, including a 2-week-old infant, have died since Dec. 13 from hypothermia or weather-related collapses of war-damaged homes, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry, part of the Hamas-run government. Emergency workers have warned people not to stay in damaged buildings because they could collapse. But with much of the territory in rubble, there are few places to escape the rain. The United Nations in July estimated that almost 80% of buildings in Gaza have been destroyed or damaged. Since the ceasefire between Israel and Hamas began, 414 people have been killed and 1,142 wounded in Gaza, according to the Health Ministry. The overall Palestinian death toll from the war is at least 71,266. The ministry, which does not distinguish between militants and civilians in its count, is staffed by medical professionals and maintains detailed records viewed as generally reliable by the international community. Aid in Gaza falls short Aid deliveries into Gaza are falling far short of the amount called for under the U.S.-brokered ceasefire, according to aid organizations and an Associated Press analysis of the Israeli military’s figures. The Israeli military body in charge of humanitarian aid said in the past week that 4,200 trucks with aid entered Gaza, plus eight garbage trucks to assist with sanitation, as well as tents and winter clothing. It refused to elaborate on the number of tents; aid groups have said the need far outstrips the number that have entered. Since the ceasefire began, approximately 72,000 tents and 403,000 tarps have entered, according to the Shelter Cluster, an international coalition of aid providers led by the Norwegian Refugee Council. “Harsh winter weather is compounding more than two years of suffering. People in Gaza are surviving in flimsy, waterlogged tents and among ruins. There is nothing inevitable about this. Aid supplies are not being allowed in at the scale required,” Philippe Lazzarini, commissioner-general of the top U.N. group overseeing aid in Gaza, wrote on social media. Ceasefire's next phase Though the ceasefire agreement has mostly held, its progress has slowed. Israel has said it refuses to move to the next phase while the remains of the final hostage killed in the Hamas-led attack on Oct. 7, 2023, that sparked the war are still in Gaza. Hamas has said the destruction in Gaza has hampered efforts to find remains. Challenges in the next phase include the deployment of an international stabilization force, a technocratic governing body for Gaza, the disarmament of Hamas and further Israeli troop withdrawals from the territory. Both Israel and Hamas have accused each other of truce violations.

The number of monthly births in the Gaza Strip has fallen by 40 percent as health officials warn of a surge in miscarriages linked to malnutrition and the breakdown of medical services. Munir al-Bursh, director general of the Gaza-based health authorities, said in a statement on Sunday that the number of newborns has dropped to approximately 17,000 per month, down from a monthly average of 26,000 in 2024. Al-Bursh attributed the sharp decline to widespread maternal malnutrition, which he said has led to a spike in low birth weights and fetal loss. He accused Israel of exacerbating the crisis by restricting the entry of essential prenatal supplements and medical aid. The director general further alleged that Israeli military operations had directly impacted reproductive health infrastructure, citing the destruction of fertility clinics and the loss of roughly 4,000 fertilized embryos following the damage of nitrogen storage units. Separately, the Hamas-run government media office reported Sunday that Israel had committed 969 violations of the ceasefire agreement that took effect on Oct. 10. The office stated that 418 people have been killed and 1,141 injured in related incidents since the truce began. Aid delivery also remains a point of contention. The media office said only 19,764 truckloads of humanitarian relief have entered Gaza since the ceasefire, far below the 48,000 truckloads it says were stipulated in the agreement.   

Myanmar has begun voting in an election that has been broadly rejected as illegitimate, with most major political parties dissolved, many senior politicians imprisoned and up to half of the country unlikely to take part because of the ongoing civil war. The military authorities are conducting the vote in stages, almost five years after seizing power in a coup that triggered mass protests and later escalated into nationwide armed conflict. Analysts say the junta, backed by China, is trying to secure domestic and international legitimacy and cement its grip on power as it looks for an exit from a prolonged and destructive stalemate, reports BBC. More than 200 people have been charged under a new law for disrupting or opposing the election. The legislation carries harsh penalties, including the death sentence. Voting started on Sunday amid reports of explosions and airstrikes in several parts of the country. In the Mandalay region, three people were hospitalised after a rocket struck an uninhabited house early Sunday, the regional chief minister told the BBC, adding that one victim was seriously injured. In a separate incident, over ten houses were damaged in Myawaddy township near the Thai border following multiple explosions late on Saturday. A local resident told the BBC that a child was killed and three others were taken to hospital in critical condition. Additional reports of casualties have since emerged from other blasts. Some voters told the BBC the process felt more “disciplined and systematic” than previous elections. “The experience of voting has changed a lot,” said Ma Su ZarChi from the Mandalay region.“Before I voted, I was afraid. Now that I have voted, I feel relieved. I cast my ballot as someone who has tried their best for the country.” Ei Pyay Phyo Maung, 22, voting for the first time, said she participated because she believed voting is “the responsibility of every citizen”. “My hope is for the lower classes - right now, the prices of goods are skyrocketing, and I want to support someone who can bring them down for those struggling the most,” she said.“I want a president who provides equally for all people.” The junta has brushed aside criticism, insisting the vote is meant to “return [the country] to a multi-party democratic system”. After voting at a heavily guarded polling station in the capital, junta leader Min Aung Hlaing told the BBC the election would be free and fair. “I am the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, a civil servant. I can't just say that I want to be president,” he said, noting that the election is being held in three phases. Earlier, he warned that refusing to vote amounted to rejecting “progress toward democracy”. Several well-known figures, including film director Mike Tee, actor Kyaw Win Htut and comedian Ohn Daing, have been convicted under the election disruption law introduced in July. State media reported they were each sentenced to seven years in prison for criticising a film that promoted the vote. UN Special Rapporteur Tom Andrews urged the international community on Sunday to reject the election, saying “nothing legitimate” can result from it. “An election organised by a junta that continues to bomb civilians, jail political leaders, and criminalise all forms of dissent is not an election - it is a theatre of the absurd performed at gunpoint,” he said. The military continues to fight on multiple fronts against armed groups opposing the coup as well as ethnic armies with their own militias. While it suffered major territorial losses earlier, it has regained ground this year through sustained airstrikes, aided by support from China and Russia. The conflict has killed thousands, displaced millions, devastated the economy and created a severe humanitarian crisis. A powerful earthquake in March and cuts to international aid have further worsened conditions. These factors, along with the fact that large areas remain under opposition control, pose serious logistical obstacles to holding the election. Voting is scheduled in three phases over the next month in 265 of Myanmar’s 330 townships, with the remainder deemed too unstable. Results are expected by late January. Up to half of the country is not expected to vote. Even in areas where polling is taking place, not all constituencies will participate, making turnout difficult to predict. Six parties, including the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party, are contesting nationwide, while 51 other parties and independent candidates are running only at regional or state level. About 40 parties have been banned, among them Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League of Democracy, which won landslides in 2015 and 2020. Suu Kyi and many senior party figures remain in prison on charges widely viewed as politically motivated, while others have fled abroad. “By splitting the vote into phases, the authorities can adjust tactics if the results in the first phase do not go their way,” said Htin Kyaw Aye of the election monitoring group Spring Sprouts, speaking to Myanmar Now. Ral Uk Thang, a resident of western Chin state, said civilians “don't want the election”. “The military does not know how to govern our country. They only work for the benefit of their high-ranking leaders.“When Daw Aung San Suu Kyi's party was in power, we experienced a bit of democracy. But now all we do is cry and shed tears,” the 80-year-old told the BBC. Western governments, including the UK and the European Parliament, have rejected the vote as a sham, while the regional bloc Asean has said political dialogue should come before any election.  

Thailand and Cambodia on Saturday signed a new ceasefire deal aimed at ending weeks of armed confrontations along their disputed border. The ceasefire came into force at noon and requires both sides to stop troop movements and prevent the use of airspace for military operations. Cambodian officials said Thailand was the only country to have launched air attacks, including strikes carried out earlier on Saturday. Under the agreement, Thailand will return 18 Cambodian soldiers it captured during fighting in July once the ceasefire has remained intact for 72 hours. Their release has been a key demand from Cambodia. Soon after the agreement was signed, Thailand’s Foreign Ministry lodged a protest, claiming a Thai soldier suffered permanent injuries after stepping on an anti-personnel land mine allegedly planted by Cambodian forces. The ceasefire was formally signed at a border checkpoint by Cambodia’s Defense Minister Tea Seiha and Thailand’s Defense Minister Nattaphon Narkphanit, following three days of discussions among military officials. The deal reaffirms earlier ceasefire arrangements reached in July after five days of clashes, as well as subsequent agreements. The July truce was mediated by Malaysia and supported by pressure from U.S. President Donald Trump, who threatened to suspend trade benefits unless both sides agreed. A more detailed agreement was finalized in October at a regional meeting in Malaysia attended by Trump. Despite those earlier efforts, tensions continued through hostile rhetoric and sporadic border violence, which escalated into intense fighting in early December. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio welcomed the new ceasefire and called on both countries to fully comply with it and previous peace commitments. U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres described the ceasefire as an important move toward reducing civilian suffering, stopping hostilities, and creating conditions for long-term peace. He also praised Malaysia, China, and the United States for their mediation efforts, adding that the United Nations is ready to support peace and stability in the region. China’s Foreign Ministry also praised the agreement and announced it would host trilateral talks with Thai and Cambodian foreign ministers in Yunnan province on Sunday and Monday. Beijing said it would play a constructive role in strengthening the ceasefire, rebuilding trust, improving relations, and maintaining regional peace. Civilians have suffered heavily during the conflict. Thai officials reported that since Dec. 7, 26 soldiers and one civilian were killed directly in combat, while total civilian deaths reached 44. Cambodia has not released official military casualty figures but reported 30 civilian deaths and 90 injuries. Hundreds of thousands of residents on both sides of the border have been displaced. Cambodia’s defense minister said the ceasefire would allow displaced residents to return home, resume farming, and enable children to go back to school. Both countries accused each other of starting the violence and insisted their actions were defensive. The agreement also commits both sides to respecting international bans on land mines, a major concern for Thailand. Thai officials say soldiers have been injured in at least 10 incidents this year by newly laid mines, while Cambodia claims the explosives are remnants from its civil war that ended in the late 1990s. Following Saturday’s injury, Thailand noted that the agreement includes provisions for joint humanitarian demining operations to protect both soldiers and civilians. Another clause requires both sides to avoid spreading misinformation. The deal also calls for renewed efforts to demarcate the border and for cooperation against transnational crimes, particularly online scam networks that have caused massive financial losses worldwide and are often linked to Cambodia. Malaysia’s Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim praised the agreement, saying it shows a shared understanding that restraint is essential, especially to protect civilians. However, concerns remain over the durability of the ceasefire. Thailand’s Defense Ministry spokesperson said the return of displaced civilians would signal enough stability to proceed with releasing the Cambodian prisoners. He stressed that the 72-hour ceasefire period is meant to test Cambodia’s commitment to halting violence, warning that failure to do so would raise doubts about its sincerity in pursuing lasting peace.