Russia has intensified its efforts to obtain Western technology and defense-related information as international sanctions continue to strain its economy and military industries, according to senior European intelligence officials.
Officials from Sweden, Finland and Estonia told The Associated Press that Russian intelligence agencies are increasingly using front companies, intermediaries, cyber operations and espionage networks to gain access to advanced technologies restricted by Western sanctions.
They said Moscow is seeking equipment, software and research that could help sustain its war effort in Ukraine and strengthen its long-term military capabilities.
"Russia knows exactly what it needs and is making major efforts to get it," said Christoffer Wedelin, deputy head of operations at Sweden's Security Service.
According to Wedelin, Russia has shown particular interest in advanced manufacturing equipment, industrial machinery and dual-use technologies that can serve both civilian and military purposes.
In Sweden, Russian operatives have reportedly targeted the country's defense sector and research linked to sophisticated military systems, including the Saab JAS 39 Gripen fighter jet. Authorities say Russia is also seeking civilian technologies, such as advanced camera and laser systems, that could potentially be adapted for military use.
Finnish intelligence chief Juha Martelius said Russia is also trying to acquire technologies that could help it remain competitive with Western countries in the future.
These include areas such as space technology, quantum research, Arctic technology and marine technology, he said.
Officials noted that Russia continues to face difficulties obtaining computer components, software and updates for industrial equipment due to sanctions imposed after its invasion of Ukraine.
Earlier this week, Anne Keast-Butler, head of Britain's signals intelligence agency, accused Russia of continuously targeting the United Kingdom and its European allies through technology theft, sabotage plots and other covert activities.
In Sweden, police recently arrested two people suspected of violating sanctions through a company in Turkey that allegedly shipped machine tools to Russia.
European intelligence agencies have warned that businesses need to be increasingly cautious, as some companies may unknowingly become part of supply networks helping Russia obtain restricted goods.
Officials also said Russia has stepped up cyberattacks against European companies and critical infrastructure. According to Wedelin, Russian-linked actors attempted to disrupt operations at a
Swedish power plant last year, although the attack was detected and stopped before causing serious damage.
He said the incident marked a shift in Russian tactics, with Moscow appearing less concerned about being identified as the source of cyber operations.
"They are taking greater risks to achieve their goals," Wedelin said.
At the same time, intelligence officials say Russia's economic situation is becoming more challenging.
Kaupo Rosin said a large share of Russia's economy is now devoted to military spending, while sanctions and the prolonged war have contributed to slower growth and persistent inflation.
He warned that if Western pressure continues, Russia could face serious financial difficulties later this year despite recent increases in energy revenues.
Rosin said intelligence assessments indicate growing concern among Russian officials about the country's economic outlook and the long-term costs of the war.
However, Finnish intelligence chief Martelius cautioned against expecting rapid political change in Russia, saying the country's political system operates very differently from those in Western democracies.
Russia has not publicly responded to the latest claims made by European intelligence officials.