China's communist leaders are striving to keep food flowing to crowded cities despite anti-disease controls to quell fears of possible shortages and stave off price spikes from panic buying after most access to Wuhan was cut off Jan. 23.
Food stocks in supermarkets ran low shortly after Beijing imposed travel curbs and extended the Lunar New Year holiday to keep factories, offices and other businesses closed and the public at home in a desperate attempt to prevent the virus from spreading.
That also kept trucks off the road, disrupting supplies of food to markets, feed to farmers and poultry to slaughterhouses. As the shutdown of Wuhan expanded to cover cities with a total of 60 million people, villagers set up their own roadblocks to keep outsiders and possible infection away.
Employees at the Wushang Mart wear masks and protective suits. Customers wash their hands with disinfectant and are checked for the virus's telltake fever, said the manager, who would give only her surname, Lu.
"It is normal for people to worry about supply, but we explain there will be enough," Lu said by phone.
This week, a Cabinet official acknowledged vegetable supplies were uneven and some "daily necessities" were sold out.
"These problems are being coordinated and resolved," Lian Weiliang, deputy chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission, said at a Feb. 3 news conference in Beijing.
Later that day, state TV announced local authorities nationwide had been ordered to "ensure the supply of daily necessities" including vegetables, meat, eggs, milk and grain.
The following day, the Agriculture Ministry told officials to unblock transportation and "ensure normal operation" of livestock and feed production. Authorities banned unauthorized roadblocks and warned merchants against hoarding and price-gouging.
The Shanghai city government said it fined a supermarket 2 million yuan ($270,000) for raising the price of cabbage by 400%.
To reassure the public, the state-controlled media have been plastered with photos of boxes stuffed with eggplants, cauliflower and other vegetables being loaded onto trucks for delivery to markets.
Party leaders in Shenzhen, a city of 15 million people adjacent to Hong Kong that is a center for finance and technology, sent officials to rural Yunnan province in the southwest to make sure vegetable shipments resumed quickly after the holiday, the Shenzhen News Net reported.
China already was struggling with surging food prices due to an outbreak of African swine fever that began in 2018. Millions of pigs died or were destroyed, disrupting supplies of pork, the country's staple meat.
The price of pork doubled in December from a year earlier, pushing up overall food costs by double digits. The government has released pork from stockpiles but industry analysts say prices and the size of Chinese pig herds are unlikely to return to normal until at least next year.
In quarantined areas, trucks with government permits are allowed through roadblocks every day to bring in food. Soldiers from the ruling party's military wing, the People's Liberation Army, have taken over delivery of medical supplies.
Some trucking companies are shorthanded because drivers who returned to their hometowns for Lunar New Year are stranded there by the suspension of bus and train links in some areas.
"We have eight trucks and three of them are operating now," said an employee of a vegetable delivery company in the eastern city of Nanjing. She would give only her surname, Yao.
The Wushang Mart cut its daily opening hours from 13 to seven and put the whole staff to work in one shift, said Lu, the manager. That includes unloading 1,000-kilogram (2,000-pound) truckloads of green beans, spinach, potatoes and other vegetables.
"The stock we have now is 50% more than normal," Lu said.
Even getting out to shop is a challenge in some cities that are under almost total quarantine.
Only one member of each household is allowed out each day to shop for food in Hangzhou, an industrial metropolis of 10 million people southwest of Shanghai, and in Huanggang, a city of 1 million near Wuhan.
Millions of households are relying instead on online grocery shopping, already a booming Chinese consumer trend.
JD.com, Alibaba Group and smaller rivals say they are delivering meat, vegetables and other supplies in locked-down cities. Employees have been given masks, goggles, protective clothing, disinfectant and other supplies.
JD.com, the country's biggest online direct retailer, said its sales of fresh food in Wuhan were up 280% from a year ago in the week ending Feb. 2. Nationwide, it says sales of beef, pork and eggs were up 400%. The company said it sold 1.8 million bottles of disinfectant.
In Nanjing, an outlet of the Huarun supermarket chain is stocking more than usual "to make sure people have enough to eat," said an employee who answered the phone there. He refused to give his name.
"There were some people who tried to buy a lot, but they no longer do it after seeing the abundant supply," said the employee.