Weather balloons play an important part in a vast, intricate global observation system, providing vital information for climate monitoring and forecasters, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said Friday.
On the heels of recent news reports about Canada and the US shooting down several flying objects, including an alleged Chinese "spy balloon," inside their borders, the UN agency said weather balloons provide just a tiny fraction of the millions of observations gathered worldwide daily.
On Thursday, US President Joe Biden made public remarks after days of speculation over three unmanned aerial objects shot down last weekend by the US military, saying that they were "most likely tied to private companies, recreation or research institutions."
More than 50 satellites collect information from space, and about 400 aircraft operated by some 40 commercial companies gather input from the skies, the WMO said.
From the seas, about 400 moored buoys, 1,250 drifting buoys, and 7,300 ships provide help in addition to 10,000 automated and land-based observing stations across the planet.
Every day, free-rising latex balloons are released simultaneously from almost 900 locations worldwide. Nearly 1,000 balloons gather daily observations that provide input in real-time.
The valuable information gathered contributes to computer forecast models, local data for meteorologists to make forecasts and predict storms, climate monitoring and data for research to better understand weather and climate processes.
Computer forecast models that use weather balloon data are used by all forecasters worldwide, the WMO said.
Equipped with battery-operated radiosondes that capture observations, the floating information collectors are airborne for around two hours.
They measure pressure, wind velocity, temperature and humidity from just above the ground, to heights of up to 35 kilometres, sustaining temperatures as cold as -95°C (-139°F), before bursting and falling back to the Earth under a parachute.
Playing a key role as part of the world's global observing network for decades, they are the primary source of above-ground data.
Their valuable input feeds the Global Observing System, among the most ambitious and successful instances of international collaboration of the last 60 years, the UN agency said.
The system consists of individual surface and space-based observing systems owned and operated by a plethora of national and international agencies.
Read more: Why balloons are now in public eye — and military crosshairs