Zakir Hossain, a Dhaka-based doctor, travels to Rajshahi by train at least four times a month. He is doing an MPhil at Rajshahi University. "I love to travel by train as it is safe, comfortable and affordable too,” said Zakir. Of late he has some complaints too. “Buying a ticket online is proving to be a big headache for me,” said Zakir. “It is not as easy as it was before.” In conversation with this UNB correspondent recently he complained that he has to buy tickets from black market as online tickets are not always available. Read: Train tickets won’t be transferable: Railways Ministry "Since I have to travel to the university, I collect tickets from the black market at a slightly higher price,” he said. “The railway authorities must look into this corrupt practice in the interest of the passengers,” Zakir suggested. He echoed the feelings of many others who like to travel by train. They have a common complaint: a section of unscrupulous officials and employees are running a syndicate of black marketers in selling train tickets. Many passengers also complained that though they don’t  find tickets at the ticket counters, they can buy it from   shops near the stations. The problem is they have to pay some extra bucks for this. A good number of tickets are still available in the black market though the whole system of ticketing has gone digital now.    The UNB representative came up with the information after visiting various stations in the country. After logging in on the scheduled time and not getting tickets online, many people go directly to the railway stations to buy tickets, said businessman Jashim uddin, who travels from Dhaka to Benapole regularly. He added that there is no end to the suffering. Most fail to book a ticket after standing in long queues for hours. Some passengers also said that a strong syndicate has also been formed on social media which sells tickets using different online platforms at a high price. Sagar Islam, a businessman in Akhaura, is one those who is often forced to buy tickets from black market as these are not available either online or in counters. He travels from Akhuara to Dhaka for business purpose once in a week.  “When I fail to get tickets legally I go to the black market,” said he. “This way I’m forced to pay extra money and break the law as well.” How does the ticket go to the black market? Mozammel Haque Chowdhury, secretary general of Jatri Kallayan Samity, blamed the system of keeping some tickets reserved for railway staff. “This system is used to create artificial scarcity of train tickets,” he said. Railway authorities refuted the allegation, though. “The complaint of keeping tickets booked for officials is not correct,” said Shawkat Jamil Mehedi, a divisional commercial officer of Bangladesh Railway. According to him only two per cent of the tickets are reserved in the name of officials and employees and also for emergency use. “There is no reason for buying too many tickets in their names,” he said.

Ashish Poddar kept an ice pack on hand as he waited outside a New Delhi hospital for a black market dealer to deliver two drugs for his father, who was gasping for breath inside with COVID-19. But the drugs never arrived, the ice that was intended to keep the medicines cool melted and his father died hours later. As India faces a devastating surge of new coronavirus infections overwhelming its health care system, people are taking desperate measures to try to keep loved ones alive. In some cases they are turning to unproven medical treatments, in others to the black market for life-saving medications that are in short supply. Poddar had been told by the private hospital treating his father, Raj Kumar Poddar, that remdesivir, an antiviral, and tocilizumab, a drug that blunts human immune responses, were needed to keep the 68-year-old man alive. “It’s nearby” and “coming” read some of the texts that Ashish received as he waited. “I wish he had at least told me that he isn’t going to come. I could have searched elsewhere,” the grieving son said. India set another global record in new virus cases Thursday with more than 379,000 new infections, putting even more pressure on the country’s overwhelmed hospitals. The country of nearly 1.4 billion people has now recorded over 18 million cases, behind only the U.S., and over 200,000 deaths — though the true number is believed to be higher. Death is so omnipresent that burial grounds are running out of space in many cities and glowing funeral pyres blaze through the night. The few medicines known to help treat COVID-19, such as remdesivir and steroids in hospitalized patients, are scarce. The most basic treatment —oxygen therapy — is also in short supply, leading to unnecessary deaths. Even hospital beds are scarce. There were just 14 free intensive care beds available in New Delhi, a city of 29 million people, on Thursday morning. India’s latest treatment guidelines mirror those of the World Health Organization and the United States with a key exception: India allows mildly ill patients to be given hydroxychloroquine or ivermectin, drugs used for certain tropical diseases. There is little evidence they work against COVID-19, and the WHO strongly recommends against hydroxychloroquine’s use for COVID-19 of any severity and against using ivermectin except in studies. While India is a leading producer of medicine globally, its regulation of drugs was poor even before the pandemic. And mounting despair is driving people to try anything. Dr. Amar Jesani, a medical ethics expert, said many prescription drugs can be bought over the counter, including emergency drugs greenlit by Indian authorities for COVID-19. “Hospitals and doctors are so used to having a ‘magic bullet’ that will cure you,” he said, explaining the use of unproven drugs as COVID-19 cases skyrocket. When Suman Shrivastava, 57, was infected with the virus, her doctor in Kanpur city in Uttar Pradesh, India’s largest state, prescribed ivermectin. When her symptoms worsened, her doctor then asked her to take favipiravir, an antiviral, though it is unproven against COVID-19. Her nephew, Rajat Shrivastava, said that drug was hard to find but he eventually located it in a pharmacy which was rationing its supplies by giving a single strip daily to each patient. He eventually bought extra doses from an online volunteer on Twitter and now his aunt is doing well. Dr. Anant Bhan, who researches public health and ethics in the city of Bhopal, warns there are risks in the do-it-yourself approach. Bhan said antivirals and steroids should be taken in a hospital setting due to the risk of side effects. And drugs that are life-saving at one point could be harmful at another, depending on timing and how severe the symptoms are. “It’s scary because these aren’t vitamin pills,” he said. Black market prices for remdesivir, which is produced by several Indian companies, have increased up to 20-fold to about $1,000 for a single vial, said Siddhant Sarang, a volunteer with Yuva Halla Bol, a youth activist group which is helping patients find medicines and hospital beds. In September, federal data showed that Indian drug makers had made over 2.4 million vials of the drug. But when cases dipped in September, companies destroyed much of their expired stock and production declined. India was then slow to respond to the uptick of infections in February, and production was only scaled up in March. Earlier this week, Merck announced a deal with five makers of generic drugs in India to produce molnupiravir, an experimental antiviral similar to remdesivir, which is given by IV, but in a more convenient pill form. It’s unclear when that might become available. With demand high, black market dealers are insisting on cash upfront, said Sarang. “People are going to dealers with 200,000 to 300,000 rupees ($2,700-$4,000) in a suitcase,” he said. Authorities have started cracking down on the dealers. In New Delhi, for instance, raids are being carried out on shops or people suspected of hoarding oxygen cylinders and medicines. Despite all the desperate efforts, medicines that work remain unavailable to many. Virus-blocking antibody drugs, widely used elsewhere, aren’t yet authorized in India. Roche, which works with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals on marketing one such treatment, said Wednesday it is negotiating with India to speed up emergency use. American drug maker Eli Lilly, which makes a similar treatment, said it is in discussions with the Indian government. Stuti Bhardwaj, 37, went from one pharmacy to another in southern New Delhi this week. Her parents, both in their seventies, were not able to get tests but showed symptoms of COVID-19 and had dangerously low oxygen levels. A doctor advised a host of medications, including hydroxychloroquine. She eventually found it and bought it, aware it was unlikely to work. “My parents are dying,” Bhardwaj said. “I am desperate.”

A Virginia doctor who wrote thousands of fake prescriptions for an infamous black market pharmacy has entered a guilty plea, despite earlier backing out of a plea deal, prosecutors said Wednesday.