Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition that affects individuals in various ways. Understanding autism and raising awareness about it is crucial to creating a more inclusive and supportive society.  World Autism Awareness Day, observed on April 2, serves as a reminder of understanding and supporting individuals with autism. Let's delve deeper into the intricacies of autism and why awareness about it is important.  What is Autism? Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism spectrum condition (ASC), is a neurodevelopmental variation in brain functioning, influencing communication, interaction, and learning patterns. People with autism may have difficulty understanding social cues, expressing themselves verbally or nonverbally, and engaging in repetitive behaviours or interests.  Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that it affects each individual differently, ranging from mild to severe. It is crucial to understand that autism is not a sickness; it is a lifelong condition present from birth. Various therapies are available to assist individuals in coping with challenges and leading fulfilling lives. Read more: Cerebral Haemorrhage: Signs, Reasons, Treatment, and Prevention Signs of Autism Signs of autism can vary widely among individuals, but common signs include challenges in social interaction, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviours. Specific signs may include:  - Avoidance of eye contact - Lack of interest in pointed-out objects- Delayed language development compared to peers- Diminished engagement with others- Preference for objects over people- Difficulty participating in interactive games- Heightened or reduced sensitivity to sensory stimuli- Resistance to changes in routine- Repetitive and restricted use of toys- Echoing of words or phrases-  Repetitive movements. Read more: Why are Suicide Rates Higher Among Men?  Causes of Autism The rising rate of autism suggests a complex interplay of factors, with genetics playing a significant role. Scientists have identified rare gene mutations and common genetic variations linked to autism. Emerging research focuses on the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental influences.  For instance, maternal exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy could contribute to genetic mutations associated with autism. The disorder's multifaceted nature highlights the need for further investigation. 

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has said all must realize the rights of all persons with disabilities, including persons with autism, ensuring their full participation in social, cultural and economic life to truly leave no one behind in pursuit of the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development. "Let us work together with all persons with disabilities and their representative organizations to find innovative solutions to recover better and build a better world for all," he said in a message marking the World Autism Awareness Day that falls on April 2. Also read: Researchers 'successfully test' drug for children with autism Guterres said as they work together to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, one key goal must be to build a more inclusive and accessible world that recognizes the contributions of all people, including persons with disabilities. He said the crisis has created new obstacles and challenges. "But efforts to reignite the global economy offer an opportunity to reimagine the workplace to make diversity, inclusion and equity a reality." Also read: 50,500 children with autism in country: Zahid Maleque Guterres said recovery is also a chance to rethink the systems of education and training to ensure that persons with autism are afforded opportunities for realizing their potential.   "Breaking old habits will be crucial. For persons with autism, access to decent work on an equal basis requires creating an enabling environment, along with reasonable accommodation," he said.