A Dhaka court today asked the Police Bureau of Investigation (PBI) to probe the case against Prothom Alo journalist Rozina Islam for attempting to “illegally collect sensitive government documents and taking photos of them.” Dhaka Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain passed the order after accepting the no-confidence petition filed by deputy secretary to the Health Services Division of the health ministry. The court also fixed February 28 for the next hearing. Rozina, who is now out on bail, was present before the court, said her lawyer Prashanto Karmakar. Also read: Hearing on DB report in journalist Rozina's case deferred to Jan 15 On October 11, last year, Detective Branch submitted the final report seeking exemption of Rozina from the charges. Rozina, known for her reports on the health sector, was held at the Secretariat for over five hours before being handed over to police on May 17, 2021. She allegedly clicked photos of documents related to government negotiation to buy Covid-19 vaccines, according to the case documents. An FIR was filed against Rozina under the Official Secrets Act and sections 379 and 411 of the Penal Code. On May 18, 2021, a Dhaka court sent Rozina to jail after rejecting the police’s demand for her five-day remand. Rozina was taken to Kashimpur Central Women's Jail on that day. On May 23, 2021, she walked out of Kashimpur Women's Central Jail after securing interim bail from a Dhaka court.  

A Dhaka court on Tuesday fixed January 15 next year for the hearing on the investigation agency's recommendation to exempt Prothom Alo senior journalist Rozina Islam from charges in an Official Secrets Act case. Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Asaduzzaman Noor deferred the date of the hearing on the final report of Detective Brunch (DB) police against Rozina. The report of DB police was scheduled to be heard today (Tuesday). Read more: Article 19 applauds authorities for clearing journalist Rozina of charges On October 11, DB, the investigation agency of the case, submitted the final report seeking exemption of Rozina from the charges. Rozina, known for her health journalism, was detained at the Secretariat for over five hours before being handed over to police on May 17 last year. She allegedly clicked photos of documents related to government negotiations with pharma firms to buy Covid-19 vaccines, according to case documents. Read more: Journalist Rozina walks out of jail after one week An FIR was filed against Rozina under the Official Secrets Act and sections 379 and 411 of The Penal Code on a complaint filed by the Health Services Division with Shahbagh Police Station. Later, on May 18, a Dhaka court sent Rozina to jail after rejecting the police's demand for her five-day remand. Rozina was taken to Kashimpur Central Women's Jail on that day only. On May 23, she walked out of Kashimpur Women's Central Jail after securing interim bail from a Dhaka court.

Prothom Alo senior reporter Rozina Islam, who was sent to jail on May 18 in a case filed under the Official Secrets Act, walked out of Kashimpur Women's Central Jail on Sunday afternoon after securing interim bail from a Dhaka court. Rozina came out of the prison around 4:15 pm, according to jail officials. Journalists and people from different walks of life received Rozina at the jail gate with flower bouquets. Her 13 relatives, including sister and brother-in-law, reached the jail gate around 3:25 pm in two microbuses to receive her. The bail-related documents were sent to the jail authorities online and they freed her after examining those. Read: Journalist Rozina Islam finally gets bail until July 15 Earlier in the day, a Dhaka court granted interim bail to Rozina Islam until July 15 in the case. Dhaka Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Baki Billah granted the bail on a bond of Tk 5,000. The court also asked her to submit her passport before the court. On Thursday, the court had fixed Sunday for passing an order after hearing her bail petition virtually. The 42-year-old journalist, known for her investigative journalism, was detained at the Secretariat for over five hours before being handed over to police on May 17.  She allegedly clicked photos of documents related to government negotiations with pharma firms to buy Covid-19 vaccines, according to case documents. An FIR was filed against Rozina under the Official Secrets Act and sections 379 and 411 of The Penal Code on a complaint filed by the Health Services Division with Shahbagh Police Station. Later, on May 18, a Dhaka court sent Rozina to jail after rejecting the police's demand for her five-day remand. Rozina was taken to Kashimpur Central Women's Jail on that day only. Read:Dr Kamal demands immediate release of journalist Rozina The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has formed a three-member probe committee to look into the allegations of the journalist's detention at the Secretariat and also her subsequent handover to the police. Meanwhile, the case filed against Rozina was transferred to the Detective Branch of police on Wednesday. Nationwide protests Rozina’s harassment for hours and her subsequent arrest sparked condemnation across the country. Journalists formed human chains and held rallies in the capital and other parts of the country on Wednesday demanding the "unconditional" release of Rozina and the punishment of those involved in harassing her at the Secretariat. They also demanded withdrawal of the false cases filed against the journalist. UN’s concern The United Nations has said Rozina's arrest is obviously "something concerning”, noting that journalists need to be able to do their work free of any sort of harassment or physical threat anywhere around the world. "Look, I've seen…we've seen the press reports on the journalist who was arrested in Bangladesh. It’s, obviously, something that we’re looking at. It’s something that's concerning," said Stephane Dujarric, Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General, at a regular briefing on May 18. Read:Rozina Islam: Journalism Vs the Colonial hangover of official secrecy Amnesty’s statement Rozina's arrest and the failure of the Bangladesh authorities to provide concrete evidence pointing to a recognisable criminal offence raise concerns that she is being targeted for her critical reporting, the Amnesty International said on Wednesday. In the absence of such evidence, the authorities must release Rozina immediately and she should not be punished for fulfilling her professional duties as a journalist, the human rights organisation also said. TIB’s condemnation Transparency International, Bangladesh (TIB) has also strongly condemned the detention and harassment of the investigative journalist at the Ministry of Health while performing her professional duties. In a statement issued on May 18, TIB has demanded immediate withdrawal of charges and unconditional release of Rozina. It has also urged the government to show prudence by ensuring exemplary punishment to the culprits through proper investigation into the incident.

Gonoforum President Dr Kamal Hossain on Saturday demanded the immediate resale of Prothom Alo journalist Rozina Islam from jail as he thinks she was implicated in a ‘false case’ by bureaucrats. “Where’s the barrier to granting bail to Rozina when the entire journalist community, political parties, human rights organisations and eminent citizens of the country are demanding her release?” he said. Dr Kamal said, “We demand that Rozina be freed immediately and we all are her guarantors.” Also read: Don’t judge Rozina issue emotionally: Info Minister to journalists He made the remarks in a written statement at a civic rally in front of the National Museum in the city’s Shahbagh area demanding the release of Rozina and annulment of the Official Secrets Act and the Digital Security Act. Gonoforum Joint general secretary Mostaq Ahmed read out the statement at the rally in favour of Dr Kamal. Dr Kamal said Rozina went to the Secretariat on May 17 to perform her professional responsibility. Also read: Rozina to get fair judgement: FM tells CNN As she published reports on massive corruption in the health ministry, the Gonoforum President said bureaucrats harassed her for five hours and handed her over to police by implicating her in a ‘false’ case. “It’s our question as to why journalist Rozina was confined to a room at the Secretariat till 8pm,” he said. Dr Kamal also demanded the government repeal the Official Secrets Act and Digital Security Act and ensure press freedom. Also read: Order on journalist Rozina Islam’s bail Sunday He urged all to get united to force the government to revoke all the ‘black’ laws and ‘restore’ people’s voting rights. Speaking at the rally, Gonoshasthaya Kendra founder Dr Zafrullah Chowdhury voiced anger as a Dhaka court did not pass its order on a bail petition of Rozina in a bailable case on Thursday. He urged the journalists to get united putting behind their divisions to establish their rights and ensure press freedom. Also read: Drop all "oppressive charges" against Rozina: HRW Nagroik Oikay convener Mahmudur Rahman Manna, Dhaka University professor Asif Nazrul, chief coordinator of Ganosanghati Andolon Zonayed Saki, noted photographer Shahidul Alam and former Dhaka University Central Students' Union (Ducsu) vice president Nurul Haque Nur, among others, spoke at the programme.

Rozina Islam, a senior journalist at Bangladesh's most influential newspaper who was known for unearthing graft in the health sector, was probably feeling a sense of relief when she was entering the Secretariat on May 17 to get her second dose of the Covid-19 vaccine. If only she knew that she would be the victim of another epidemic right at the heart of Bangladesh Civil Service, an epidemic caused by a virus which muzzles the freedom of the press through archaic and vague laws. Rozina Islam was held at the Secretariat for five hours before being handed over to the police. A case was filed against her by an official of the Health Ministry under the Official Secrets Act of 1923. The British Era law, a sleeping monster which was never used against journalists in independent Bangladesh, was revived suddenly against the 42-year old journalist. She is currently spending her days in Kashimpur Women’s Central Jail as a  Dhaka court on Thursday fixed Sunday for passing an order on the bail petition filed by her lawyers. Read Don’t judge Rozina issue emotionally: Info Minister to journalists Colonial Inheritance of OSA The Indian Official Secrets Act, 1904 was enacted during the time of Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. It was an amended and more stringent version of The Indian Official Secrets Act (Act XIV) of 1889, brought in at a time when a large number of powerful newspapers had emerged in several languages across India, and the Swadeshi movement was just starting to emerge.One of the main purposes of the Act was to muzzle the voices of nationalist publications. In April 1923, a newer version of the Official Secrets Act was notified. The Indian Official Secrets Act (Act No XIX of 1923) replaced the earlier Act and was extended to all matters of secrecy and confidentiality in governance in the country. The Official Secrets Act that Bangladesh inherited upon its own independence is the exact replica of the 1923 - curiously no government has ever felt the need to amend it in order to be more time-befitting The maximum punishment for an offence under OSA ranges from  14 years in prison all the way to death penalty. Read ‘Independent media’ spreading lies against govt: Quader What OSA deals with The law broadly deals with two aspects — spying or espionage, which is dealt with in Section 3 of the Act, and disclosure of other secret information of the government, which is dealt with in Section 5. The secret information can be any official code, password, sketch, plan, model, article, note, document or information, derived from a prohibited place. OSA and journalism in Bangladesh UNB  talked to Mahmudul Haque, Lecturer of Mass Communication and Journalism at Begum Rokeya University and a former senior journalist himself, about  the buzz surrounding OSA and the arrest of Rozina Islam. He takes the course, ‘Safety and Security of Journalists’, which is only available in a few universities of the country. Mahmudul said that this colonial era law has been put to work for the first time in Bangladesh as a new tool to muzzle the freedom of press in Bangladesh alongside DSA. He said that the incident delivered a message to the investigative journalists of the country in order to make them  feel hesitant and fear being persecuted for their reports exposing corruption of the bureaucrats. “Like most of the laws enacted to curb the freedom of journalists in the country, this law is so vague that it doesn't define secrets,” he said. He feared that the use of OSA will deteriorate the status quo at a time where the culture of secrecy and self censorship among the journalists are already high. Read It's very regrettable; nothing to hide: FM about Rozina issue Faulty case Mahmudul said that any information derived from a ‘prohibited’ place for the purpose of spying will be considered as an offence under OSA. “The secretariat or the health ministry is not a prohibited place. Government itself provides ID’s to the journalists so that they can enter there to collect news,” he said. Besides, when this law was enacted more than a hundred years ago, the political and social context were very different than the current time, he continued. “It is highly  unlikely that Rozina was collecting confidential state secrets as a foreign agent in an attempt to pass it over to enemies,” Mahmudul exclaimed. When asked about the health minister’s statement where he said Rozina took snapshots of "secret documents related to purchasing vaccines," Mahmudul said purchasing vaccines can never be a secret matter related to national security. “According to international laws, the people deserve to know about any bilateral treaty related to public health," he said. Apart from OSA, she was also charged under sections 379 and 411 of the penal code. "See, sections 379 and 411 deal with mere stealing and theft. This cannot coexist with OSA.  So the entire process under which the FIR against her has been filed is faulty and I believe she will easily secure bail tomorrow." Read Watchdog: Media freedom has deteriorated during pandemic Can journalists be exempted from OSA There is a popular school of thought circulating in social media that OSA is only for government officials or defence personnels and journalists cannot be taken to trial under this act. When asked about this, Mahmudul said, "Unfortunately this is not the case." He cited  section 3A (1) of the OSA which stated, "No person shall, except under the authority of a written permit granted by or on behalf of the Government, make any photograph, sketch, plan, model, note or representation of any kind of any prohibited place or of any other place or area, notified by the Government as a place or area with regard to which such restriction appears to [the Government] to be expedient in the interests of the security of Bangladesh or of any part of or object in any such place or area" So anybody, including journalists can be taken to court under OSA as the law explicitly mentions 'no persons'. Contradicts with RTI Right to Information Act 2009 (RTI Act) of Bangladesh has been promulgated recognising  people's right to information  as an inseparable part of the freedom of thought and conscience, and of speech. Although it was initially appreciated  as a significant step towards ensuring public participation and transparency at the time of its enactment, the effectiveness of the RTI Act has been questioned over the subsequent decade. "The mere presence of OSA undermines the spirit of RTI and Article 39 of the constitution, which recognises freedoms of thought, conscience and speech as fundamental rights, " Mahmudul said. "Besides,  the  Public Interest Information Disclosure (Provide Protection) Act, 2011 (The Whistleblowers Act) provides protection and safeguards to whistleblowers if the information is true and related to public interest," he added. Laws like RTI and Public Interest Information Disclosure ACT will never be implemented properly as long as it coexists with laws like OSA and DSA, added Mahmudul. Read Future of journalism depends on adaptation, professionalism: Dr Arefin Example in Neighbouring country "Although OSA has never been used against any journalists in independent Bangladesh,  there are a few instances of it in our neighbouring country India," said Mahmudul Haque. He said that Saikia, a journalist of the Financial Express of India  was arrested in February 2015 in a similar case to Rozina where the police accused him of  writing stories and analyses from documents allegedly stolen from the government. He was released on bail in May after spending 80 days in jail. Additional sessions judge Inder Jeet Singh who had discharged Saikia relied on a 1996 Supreme Court verdict in the case of Sama Alana Abdulla versus the State of Gujarat, Singh said that the test of whether a certain disclosure compromised a secret depended on whether an "official code'' or "password'' had been divulged in terms of Section 5 of the Act, The Times of India had reported during the time. The report stated that the court's liberal interpretation lessened the scope for misuse of the OSA by official machinery as it made a sharp distinction between a secret document or report dealing with day-to-day routine affairs and one containing information on the sensitive issue of national security. A Delhi court in 2009 greatly reduced the power of OSA in a case filed against the same journalist over disclosing cabinet notes by passing a verdict that a document merely labelled "secret" shall not render the journalist liable under the law. Read World Press Freedom Index and Retrogressive Bangladesh All Colonial Era law should be scrapped All the colonial era laws, not only the ones related to journalism, should be scrapped as they are against the spirit of our freedom, said Mahmudul Haque. While most of the laws adopted in the three successor states of the British Raj do date from the colonial era, some draw particular ire for their history of having been used by the colonisers specifically to suppress dissent among the colonised. One such example is the Contempt of Court Act, dating from 1926. It may be noted that in India and Pakistan, the Act was subsequently amended to fit in better with the changed context of the independent states. However Bangladesh still sticks with the 1926 text. The offence of sedition, included in the Penal Code of 1860, still gets a lot of traction in all three successor states of the British Empire in the Indian Subcontinent, despite no longer being in the books in England itself since 2009. The 1861 Police Act is also felt among activists to be more suited to maintaining control over a colonised population, as opposed to a civilian security force that is there to serve citizens in a democratic society. Some of the most widely used colonial era laws that are deemed to curb freedoms include contempt of court Mahmudul also said that Rozina and her family can file a case  for wrongful confinement under the Penal Code against the concerned government officials if they believed she was being held at the secretariat against her will. Besides,they can also bring charges against concerned officials under the Penal Code, or the Women and Children Anti-Repression Act 2000, if she was physically tortured or harassed while being held, he said. Read Search is on for new leaders in journalism's upper echelons

Information Minister Dr Hasan Mahmud on Saturday urged journalists to look at the issue of Prothom Alo journalist Rozina Islam from a realistic point of view instead of considering it emotionally. “Look at Rozina Islam issue from a realistic point of view instead of looking at it emotionally,” he told the leaders of Bangladesh Federal Union of Journalists (BFUJ). The BJUJ leaders met the minister at his Minto Road residence a day before a Dhaka court’s order on the bail petition of Rozina in a case filed against her under the Official Secrets Act. Also read: Rozina to get fair judgement: FM tells CNN BFUJ president Molla Jalal, acting secretary general, Abdul Majid, senior journalist Syed Ishtiaque Reza, Dhaka Union of Journalists’ (DUJ’) joint secretary Khairul Alam, executive member Ibrahim Khalil Khokon and senior journalist Motahar Hossain were, among others, present. Earlier, the newly-elected committee of Directors Guild, an organisation of television drama directors, met the minister at his residence. Talking to reporters after the meeting, Dr Hasan alleged that an anti-state quarter is trying to take advantage of the incident involving Prothom Alo journalist Rozina Islam in the Health Ministry on May 17. Also read: Order on journalist Rozina Islam’s bail Sunday "The Rozina Islam incident has been politicised as the anti-state quarters have become very active to take advantage of it by capitalising on it,” he said. The minister said, “No one is above law -- neither a minister and a secretary nor Rozina Islam. We’ve to be careful so that the anti-state elements can’t use any of our activities as a weapon to harm the country." Besides, he said, various anti-state elements, who conspire against the country and spread false propaganda staying abroad, have also been seen to be very active over the incident. Also read: Drop all "oppressive charges" against Rozina: HRW The minister said Khaleda Zia’s former deputy press secretary Mushfiqul Fazal Ansari got a reply from an official on overall media by asking a question at the regular press briefing at the UN Secretary General's Office. “There’s an evil effort to conduct a campaign over that reply that it was the UN’s concern over the Rozina Issue. “The statement of a UN official and the UN’s concern are not the same at all.” Dr Hasan said he got information on social media about collecting official documents from the Shipping Ministry and Home Ministry by Rozina in the past the same way she did it in the Health Ministry on May 17 and managing work for her husband’s business. “As an investigation is going on, these things will come out.” About BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam’s comments on the incident, Dr Hasan said as BNP is speaking on the Rozina issue and it is clear that there is an attempt to give it a political colour.

Foreign Minister Dr AK Abdul Momen on Friday said Prothom Alo senior correspondent Rozina Islam will get fair treatment and judgement, emphasising that Bangladesh’s judiciary is very independent. “Bangladesh’s judiciary is very independent, she [Rozina] will get fair treatment, and judgment… everybody. We don't want anyone to suffer," he told CNN in a live interview, mentioning that it is a legal issue and in the process of that they do not intend to interfere with it.  Read: Order on journalist Rozina Islam’s bail Sunday Dr Momen said there is law in the country and they honour the law, and that is why they do not want to talk about it much since it is in the court. “Rozina will get a totally fair judgment… no doubt about that." On Thursday, Dr Momen said it is very regrettable what happened to journalist Rozina Islam and there is nothing to hide by the government.  "It's very regrettable. The government of Sheikh Hasina is a media-friendly one. We’ve nothing to hide. I know, as Foreign Ministry, we’ve to face it. Many will raise questions. We don't want such incidents," Dr Momen said.  He appreciated the role of the media for unearthing many stories, including the pillow saga and Shahed Karim issues.  "The government has taken action (after those stories are published). You (media) help the government. You’re part of the government. You’re helping us (govt) much. We thank you," he said. Dr Momen referred to what ruling Awami League Joint General Secretary Mahbubul Alam Hanif said on Wednesday and appreciated Hanif's remarks.  Read: It's very regrettable; nothing to hide: FM about Rozina issue Hanif said the incident that took place in the Secretariat with journalist Rozina Islam was undesirable and that the country would benefit if strict action was taken against the corrupt instead of filing cases against journalists. Dr Momen said this should have been managed by the Health Ministry.  Referring to what his other colleagues said, Dr Momen said Rozina will get justice. "It's unexpected." Rozina is accused under sections 3 and 5 of the Official Secrets Act and sections 379 and 411 of the Penal Code, for allegedly attempting to “collect sensitive government documents and taking photos of them” at the Health Ministry.  On May 18, a magistrate court turned down the police department’s request for a 5-day remand and instead sent her to jail. Rozina was confined to a room for nearly six hours as she went to the Health Ministry on May 17 when she fell ill and fainted. She was then taken to Shahbagh Police Station.  Read: Drop all "oppressive charges" against Rozina: HRW On Thursday, the Human Rights Watch said Bangladesh authorities should drop all the "oppressive charges" against renowned journalist Rozina Islam. Rozina's colleagues believe she was detained over her reporting on corruption and mismanagement in the public health sector, including the government’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic, said the HRW.  

A Dhaka court on Thursday fixed Sunday for passing an order on the bail petition of Prothom Alo senior reporter Rozina Islam in a case filed under the Official Secrets Act. Dhaka Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Baki Billah fixed the date after hearing on the bail petition. Rozina’s counsel Prashanto Kumar Karmakar submitted the petition on May 18 seeking her bail. Read:It's very regrettable; nothing to hide: FM about Rozina issue Public prosecutor Mohammad Abdullah represented the state. The 42-year-old journalist, known for her investigative journalism, was detained at the Secretariat for over five hours before being handed over to police on May 17. She allegedly clicked photos of documents related to government negotiations with pharma firms to buy Covid-19 vaccines, according to case documents. An FIR was filed against Rozina under the Official Secrets Act and sections 379 and 411 of The Penal Code on a complaint filed by the Health Services Division with Shahbagh Police Station. Later, on May 18, a Dhaka court sent Rozina to jail after rejecting the police's demand for her five-day remand. Rozina was taken to Kashimpur Central Women's Jail on that day only. Read:Drop all "oppressive charges" against Rozina: HRW

Foreign Minister Dr AK Abdul Momen on Thursday said it is very regrettable what happened to journalist Rozina Islam and there is nothing to hide by the government.  He said they will have to face the international community for the behaviour of a few people.  "It's very regrettable. The government of Sheikh Hasina is a media-friendly one. We’ve nothing to hide. I know, as Foreign Ministry, we’ve to face it. Many will raise questions. We don't want such incidents," Dr Momen said, adding that "you (questioner) may be right" that few people bring bad fame for the government.  The Foreign Minister made the remarks when his comment was  sought on the issue of Rozina Islam after his meeting with South Korean Ambassador to Bangladesh Lee Jang-keun at State guesthouse Padma.  Read:Drop all "oppressive charges" against Rozina: HRW Dr Momen appreciated the role of the media in unearthing many stories, including the pillow saga and Shahed Karim issues.  "The government has taken action (after those stories were published). You (media) help the government. You’re part of the government. You’re helping us (govt) much. We thank you," he said. Dr Momen referred to what ruling Awami League Joint General Secretary Mahbubul Alam Hanif said on Wednesday and appreciated his remarks.  Hanif said the incident that took place at the Secretariat with journalist Rozina Islam was undesirable and that the country would have benefited if strict action had been taken against the corrupt instead of filing cases against journalists.    

Human Rights Watch on Thursday said Bangladesh authorities should drop all the "oppressive charges" against renowned journalist Rozina Islam. Rozina's colleagues believe she was detained over her reporting on corruption and mismanagement in the public health sector, including the government’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic, said the HRW. She is accused under sections 3 and 5 of the Official Secrets Act and sections 379 and 411 of the Penal Code, for allegedly attempting to “collect sensitive government documents and taking photos of them” at the Health Ministry.  Read:Dhaka court to hear Rozina’s bail plea Thursday Journalists across Bangladesh are protesting to seek her release, HRW said. “Bangladesh authorities should produce evidence of wrongdoing or immediately release Rozina Islam and stop arresting journalists for doing their job, which is also to highlight governance flaws,” said Brad Adams, HRW Asia director.  “Instead of locking up critics, encouraging a free press should be central to the government’s strategy to strengthen health services in combatting the pandemic.” Quoting media reports, the HRW said Rozina went to the Health Ministry on May 17 for a meeting with the health services secretary.  She was confined to a room there for nearly six hours, during which she fell ill and fainted, then was taken to the police.  According to the complaint filed by the Health Ministry, she had taken government documents related to the procurement of Covid-19 vaccines. She denies these allegations. Read: Amnesty: Rozina must not be punished for doing her job The HRW said in a video recording by another journalist after her hearing on May 18, Rozina said, “because of my reporting on the Health Ministry, I'm  being wronged.”  On May 18, a magistrate court turned down the police department’s request for 5-day remand and instead sent her to jail until her bail hearing scheduled for today. “The arrest of Rozina Islam sends a terrifying message to journalists uncovering corruption in Bangladesh,” Adams said. “By speaking out for Rozina Islam, concerned government will be standing with Bangladeshi journalists across the country.”