The exclusion of China from the Group of Seven (G7) major economies is again under discussion as leaders of the bloc gather in France, with growing debate over whether the global economic powerhouse should remain outside the group.

When the first summit of major Western economies was held in 1975 at a French chateau, China was not part of the discussion. At that time, the country was politically and economically unstable under Mao Zedong and far from the global economic influence it holds today.

Now, nearly five decades later, China has become the world’s second-largest economy and a major driver of global trade, prompting questions about whether its absence from the G7 still makes sense. Some experts say its economic size alone would make it a natural fit alongside G7 members such as the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Canada.

However, the G7 has traditionally been a group of democratic nations, a standard China does not meet. Critics point to restrictions on political freedoms and civil liberties in China, which they say place it far behind G7 countries in democratic governance.

Despite its exclusion, China remains a central topic at the summit. Its growing trade surplus, dominance in key minerals, rapid technological progress and expanding military strength are all seen as major global concerns. It is also the world’s largest emitter of carbon pollution, adding to its importance in climate discussions.

French President Emmanuel Macron has reportedly set aside time for leaders to discuss ways to respond to China’s trade practices, including concerns that its expanding exports could harm industries in G7 countries. Analysts say that while leaders often disagree on many issues, China may be one topic that brings them closer together.

Beijing, meanwhile, has long criticized the G7 as an exclusive group rooted in Cold War thinking. In a statement ahead of the summit, China’s Foreign Ministry said the group should promote cooperation rather than division, while also acknowledging the G7’s continued global influence.

Experts say China is closely watching the group, even if it views it as aligned with Western interests. At the same time, they argue that bringing China into the G7 could create divisions within the bloc due to differences in political systems and foreign policy positions.

Analysts also point to Russia’s past membership as a warning. Russia joined the group in 1998 but was later suspended following its actions in Ukraine, a move that continues to shape G7 attitudes toward expansion.

Some experts say this experience has made G7 members more cautious about admitting countries that are not fully democratic, fearing it could weaken unity within the group.