Although the government has shrunk the percentage of expenditure on pay and allowances of the public servants against the total budget in the running fiscal, it will be back from fiscal 2022-23.
Likewise, the government spending on goods and services will see slight slowdown in the next fiscal, but witness rise from fiscal 2022-23.
According to an official document, the projection of expenditure on pay and allowances of the public servants is 12.4 percent against the total budget, which is Tk 814.3 billion, while it will be 12.5 percent, which is Tk 925.2 billion.
Expenditure on Pay and Allowances was 13.8 percent of the total budget in 2014-15 fiscal, which was Tk 288.2 billion.
Also read: Govt focuses on less current expenditure and increased capital spending: official document
However, the document stated that a little upswing was noticed in 2015-16 (16.7 percent, which was Tk 400.5 billion) that continued till 2016-17 fiscal (18.2 percent which was Tk 490.4 billion) due to the introduction of a new pay scale by the government.
It was reduced to 14.8 percent (Tk 478.5 billion) and 13.6 percent (Tk 534 billion) of total expenditure during fiscal 2017-18 and fiscal 2018-19.
Likewise, it has further been reduced to 12.2 percent which is Tk 656.1 billion in the revised budget of 2020-21 fiscal while it was 12.7 percent or Tk 569 billion.
It is expected to remain at the same level in the medium term (2023-24 fiscal).
In the fiscal 2021-22 expenditure in pay and allowances is 11.8 percent of the total budget, which is Tk 713.5 billion.
The document said that the expenditure on goods and services as a percentage of total expenditure remained around 7 percent during fiscal 2016-17 to fiscal 2019-20.
In 2015-16 fiscal and 2016-17 fiscal it was 7.6 percent or Tk 182.1 billion, and 7.6 percent or Tk 205.5 billion respectively.
In 2017-18 fiscal and 2018-19 fiscal the expenditure was 7.3 percent or Tk 234.8 billion and 73 percent or Tk 285.7 billion. In 2019-20 the percentage was dropped to 7 percent while the amount was Tk 289.8 billion.
To keep this outlay within a comfortable range through budgetary process, government has taken several measurers that includes enhanced transparency of transfer through e-GP and improved public procurement management.
Also read: Govt targets 17% expenditure of GDP for next two fiscals: Document
The expenditure was 6.3 percent for fiscal 2020-21, which was Tk 337.7 billion. In the medium term, the allocation on these heads has been estimated to follow a steady trend. In 2021-22 fiscal the amount is estimated at 6.2 percent of total expenditure, which is Tk 373.4 billion, while in 2023-24 fiscal this will be 6.6 percent or Tk 488.8 billion and Tk 426.5 billion or 6.5 percent of the total budget for 2022-23 fiscal.
Amid the coronavirus crisis, the government had taken up a comprehensive plan with four main strategies.
These are: discouraging luxury expenditures, prioritising government spending that creates jobs, creating loan facilities through commercial banks at subsidised interest rate for the affected industries and businesses, and expanding the coverage of the government’s social safety net programmes.
Public expenditure broadly includes all government consumption, investment and transfer payments. Current expenditure and capital expenditure are the two major categories of budget allocation.
Current expenditure consists of wages and salaries paid to the government employees, purchase of goods and services, subsidy and transfer payments and interest paid for domestic and foreign loans. Expenditures of account of 'food account operation' also includes into current expenditure category.
On the other hand, capital expenditure comprises addition to and creation of productive assets. The Annual Development Programme (ADP) and non-ADP capital expenditure are the two major categories of capital formation through government expenditures.
Moreover, capital expenditure includes loans and advances, development programme financed from revenue budget, non-ADP project, and non-ADP FFW (Food For Work) and transfer.
Considering the context of developing countries like Bangladesh, expanding the size of current expenditure is important for improving the quality of public service delivery and meeting the demand for maintaining the existing infrastructure network.
On the other hand, growth of capital expenditure is desirable to meet the growing demand for public investment.