Despite large-scale imports, the prices of essential commodities in Bangladesh continue to fluctuate, causing serious concerns among consumers.

Many people find a stark contrast between the government’s assurances and the reality of the market, as they struggle to afford basic necessities.

Retailers and wholesalers have blamed each other for the rising prices, while consumers suspect that a strong syndicate is manipulating the market amid weak monitoring by the authorities.

Fixed-Income Households Under Pressure

Qamruzzaman Khan, a retired government official from Shahinbag, Tejgaon, expressed his frustration over the soaring prices, particularly with the approach of Ramadan.

He said he would have to cut back on purchasing fruits and meat due to their high cost.

“I am even considering skipping dates for Iftar this year, as they are overpriced despite being of lower quality,” he said in an annoyed tone.

He blamed the authorities for failing to regulate the market, allowing a strong syndicate to dictate prices.

“People like us, who depend on a fixed pension, are finding it increasingly difficult to manage household expenses,” he added.

Rabeya Akter, a private school teacher from Rampura, shared a similar struggle. With her husband jobless for the past year, the family has been relying on their savings to cover monthly expenses.

“My salary is just over Tk 40,000, but it barely covers one-third of our household costs, including the education of our two school-going children and food expenses,” she explained.

Drives conducted in Dhaka’s kitchen markets to monitor prices of essentials

She said she plans to avoid fruits and meat during Ramadan due to their excessive prices, opting instead for vegetables, which remain relatively affordable.

Rabeya also expressed frustration over the rising cost of essential goods, including edible oil.

“The government keeps saying that increased imports will bring prices down, but when will that actually happen?” she asked.

She lamented that lower-middle-income families like hers are struggling silently, unable to queue for subsidised food under the Open Market Sale (OMS) programme or seek financial aid, yet burdened with ever-increasing expenses.

Syndicates and Market Manipulation

SM Nazer Hossain, Vice President of the Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB), said that despite recent political changes, the market remains controlled by syndicates operating in different supply chains.

“These syndicates have merely changed faces, but the system remains the same,” he said.

CAB has proposed a system to regulate prices at every stage—from importers to dealers and retailers—to ensure a fair price structure. “Without such a system, the blame will continue to shift between millers, dealers, and retailers, while consumers suffer the consequences,” he added.

Hossain also pointed out that inadequate market monitoring has allowed traders to hoard essential commodities, leading to price hikes. “Unlike perishable goods such as vegetables, most essentials can be stockpiled. As a result, prices continue to rise, often exceeding double the actual demand,” he explained.

Soaring Prices of Essential Commodities

Recent prices in Dhaka’s markets stood as follows:

Dates: Tk 350–1,700 per kg

Chickpeas: Tk 110 per kg

Sugar (packet): Tk 170 per kg

Sugar (loose): Tk 145 per kg

Lentils and other pulses: Tk 120–170 per kg

Garlic: Tk 180–240 per kg

Loose soybean oil: Tk 175 per litre

Boiled rice (premium quality): Tk 84–110 per kg

Aromatic rice: Tk 140–155 per kg

Coarse rice (BR 28 and Sorna): Tk 56–64 per kg

Beef: Tk 750–780 per kg

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According to CAB, prices of essential commodities have increased by 10–25% compared to the previous year.

Economic Factors Behind the Price Hike

Abdul Awal Mintoo, former president of the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI), identified unstable exchange rates, high interest rates, and multiple layers of taxation as key factors driving up prices.

“Almost all consumer goods, except salt, are imported. As a result, supply chain disruptions and currency depreciation are making imported goods more expensive. Until the exchange rate and interest rate stabilise, prices will remain high,” he said.

Towfiqul Islam Khan, Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), pointed out that in Bangladesh, prices rarely decline once they go up.

“For example, in 2013, rice was Tk 36 per kg, but by 2022, it had risen to Tk 70 per kg. In the 2023–24 financial year, the price further increased to Tk 80–85 per kg, and now fine-quality miniket rice is being sold at Tk 85–90 per kg,” he said.

He added that the prices of meat, poultry, soybean oil, and eggs have also surged, putting additional pressure on consumers.

“Inflation has steadily increased over time. From 2012 to 2022, the average inflation rate was 6.05% per year. In the 2024–25 financial year, inflation has crossed double digits, with food inflation rising even higher, significantly impacting the prices of essential commodities,” he mentioned.

As Ramadan approaches, consumers—especially fixed-income earners and lower-middle-class families—are facing increasing difficulties due to rising prices of daily essentials. While market monitoring remains weak, syndicates appear to be exploiting the situation, keeping prices high despite increased imports.

Unless the government implements stronger regulatory measures and stabilises economic factors such as exchange rates and inflation, the crisis is likely to worsen, making it even harder for ordinary citizens to afford basic necessities, market analysts said.